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Pneumologie 2012; 66(01): 14-19
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291403
Originalarbeit
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Implementierung von Maßnahmen zur Tabakentwöhnung im Krankenhaus

Basisdaten eines pneumologischen PatientenkollektivsImplementing In-Patient Smoking Cessation InterventionsBasic Characteristics of Smoking Patients in a Lung Health Department
A. Rupp
1   Zentrum für Tabakentwöhnung Stuttgart (Leiter Dr. med. Alexander Rupp)
,
J. Blank
2   Krankenhaus vom Roten Kreuz Bad Cannstatt GmbH – Sana Kliniken (Chefarzt PD Dr. med. Martin Hetzel)
,
S. Blattner
2   Krankenhaus vom Roten Kreuz Bad Cannstatt GmbH – Sana Kliniken (Chefarzt PD Dr. med. Martin Hetzel)
,
E. Adzemovic
2   Krankenhaus vom Roten Kreuz Bad Cannstatt GmbH – Sana Kliniken (Chefarzt PD Dr. med. Martin Hetzel)
,
M. Hetzel
2   Krankenhaus vom Roten Kreuz Bad Cannstatt GmbH – Sana Kliniken (Chefarzt PD Dr. med. Martin Hetzel)
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

eingereicht 04 September 2011

akzeptiert nach Revision 14 September 2011

Publication Date:
10 November 2011 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Krankenhäusern kommt bei der Tabakentwöhnung (TE) eine Schlüsselrolle zu. Dennoch werden nur selten Interventionen zur TE angeboten trotz nachgewiesener Effektivität. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, Daten rauchender Patienten zu erheben, um eine zielgruppenspezifische Intervention im Krankenhaus zu entwickeln.

Methodik und Patienten: Von Juli bis September 2009 wurde bei allen stationären Aufnahmen der Rauchstatus erhoben und durch Messung des CO-Hb validiert. Raucher, die zum ersten Mal stationär auf periphere Stationen aufgenommen wurden, erhielten ein umfangreiches Fragebogeninstrument. Ausschlusskriterien waren zu kurze Liegedauer und kognitive bzw. sprachliche Einschränkungen. Von den teilnehmenden Rauchern (TN) wurden zusätzlich klinische Daten erhoben.

Ergebnisse: Die Raucherquote lag bei 25 %. Die Teilnahmequote der einschließbaren Patienten lag bei 89,4 %. Der Fragebogen fand bei Rauchern eine hohe Akzeptanz und lieferte eine Vielzahl von Informationen für die anschließende Beratung. Pro Tag kann in einer 80-Betten-Abteilung mit 3 – 4 Rauchern für eine Intervention gerechnet werden. Mindestens ein Kontakt ist während des Aufenthaltes möglich. Obwohl 75 % der TN bereits mindestens einen Aufhörversuch aufwiesen, hatten nur die Wenigsten Unterstützungsmaßnahmen in Anspruch genommen.

Schlussfolgerungen: Spezifische Fragebögen sind zur Evaluation der Rauchanamnese in Akutkrankenhäusern geeignet und können eine bettseitige Raucherberatung wesentlich erleichtern. Um ihrer Schlüsselrolle bei der TE gerecht werden zu können, sollten mehr Krankenhäuser entsprechende Interventionen implementieren.

Abstract

Background: Hospitals have a unique key role in promoting smoking cessation. However, cessation interventions are uncommon in clinical routine despite their proven effectiveness. For planning a tailored intervention for hospitalised patients we examined the characteristics of smokers in our department for lung diseases.

Methods and Patients: From July to September 2009 we evaluated the smoking status of all admitted patients. The smoking status was validated by measuring the CO-Hb. Smokers admitted for the first time on one of our regular wards received a comprehensive questionnaire. Patients with a duration of stay of 2 days or less and patients with substantial cognitive or linguistic limitations were excluded. Clinical data was collected from the participating smokers.

Results: 25 % of all admitted patients were smokers. The participation rate was almost 90 % of the eligible smokers. Our questionnaire was very well accepted und provided multitude helpful information for a following cessation counselling. Up to 3 or 4 smokers per day should be anticipated for a cessation intervention at an 80-bed-hospital. At least one counselling contact could be enabled. Although 75 % of participants had experienced at least one unsuccessful quit attempt, only a minority used any support or help for cessation so far.

Conclusions: Specific questionnaires to evaluate the smoking history of patients in hospitals are very suitable and facilitate a subsequent bedside-counseling. To come up with their key role in promoting smoking cessation more hospitals as yet should implement cessation interventions.

 

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