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DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1292841
Rezidivierende Hypoglykämien und ein großer intraabdominaler Tumor bei einer 61-jährigen Patientin
Recurrent hypoglycemia and a large intraabdominal tumor in a 61-year-old womanPublication History
29 April 2011
13 October 2011
Publication Date:
30 November 2011 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Anamnese und klinischer Befund: Eine 61-jährige Patientin wurde zu Hause von ihrem Ehemann bewusstlos vorgefunden. Der alarmierte Notarzt stellte eine Hypoglykämie von 1,7 mmol/l fest. Ein Diabetes mellitus war bei der Patientin in der Anamnese nicht bekannt. Die klinische Untersuchung und die Labordiagnostik ergaben keinen weiteren pathologischen Befund.
Untersuchungen: Der standardisierte Hungertest musste kurz nach Beginn wegen neuroglukopenischer Symptomatik abgebrochen werden (Plasmaglukose 2,1 mmol/l, Insulin < 0,2 mE/l, C-Peptid 0,02 nmol/l). Die Befunde schlossen einen organischen Hyperinsulinismus aus. In der Computertomografie des Abdomens zeigte sich eine mesenteriale Raumforderung mit einer Größe von ca. 9 cm, die sich in der histologischen Untersuchung als follikuläres Lymphom Grad 1 darstellte. Nach Ausschluss weiterer Ursachen der Hypoglykämien diagnostizierten wir eine sekundäre paraneoplastische Hypoglykämie bei neudiagnostiziertem follikulärem Lymphom (Nicht-Inselzell-Tumor-Hypoglykämie, NICTH).
Therapie und Verlauf: Eine Therapie mit dem CD20-Antikörper Rituximab (375 mg/m2 1× wöchentlich, 4 Gaben) wurde initiiert. Die klinische Symptomatik sistierte und die Patientin ist ein Jahr nach Beendigung der Therapie beschwerdefrei.
Folgerung: Beim Vorliegen einer Hypoglykämie muss nach Ausschluss endokrinologischer und weiterer Ursachen an das Vorliegen eines paraneoplastischen Syndroms im Sinne einer Nicht-Inselzell-Tumor-Hypoglykämie gedacht werden. Dies ist eine sehr seltene Differenzialdiagnose, bei der ein malignes Lymphom wiederum lediglich ca. 1 % ausmachen. Die Therapie der Grunderkrankung stellt auch die spezifische Therapie der Nicht-Inselzell-Tumor-Hypoglykämie dar.
Abstract
History and admission findings: A 61-year-old woman was found unconscious by her husband. The emergency doctor detected hypoglycemia (blood glucose 1.7 mmol/l). This was the first such event, the patient had not been known to have diabetes mellitus. At admission the physical examination and the laboratory findings revealed no abnormalities.
Investigations: A fasting test was aborted shortly after the start because of the onset of neurological symptoms. An insulinoma was excluded by detecting suppressed levels of insulin and C-peptide. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed a mesenteric tumour of 9 cm in diameter, which was identified immunhistologically as a grade 1 follicular lymphoma (FL). After exclusion of endocrinological causes the recurrent hypoglycaemia was diagnozed as part of a paraneoplastic syndrome associated with a non-islet cell tumour hypoglycaemia (NICTH) with a newly diagnosed FL.
Treatment and course: Specific medication with the CD20 antibody rituximab (375 mg/m2, once per week for a total of four cycles) was initiated. There were no further episodes of hypoglycaemia. After one year the patient remains free of any symptoms.
Conclusions: After exclusion of any endocrinological reasons for hypoglycemia, differential diagnosis should include NICTH as paraneoplastic syndrome. In rare cases a hematological malignancy may be the underlying disease. The specific treatment of this disease likewise represents the causal treatment of NICTH.
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