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Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 32(6): 754-763
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1295723
© Thieme Medical Publishers

Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis

George R. Thompson1 , 2  III 
  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California–Davis, Davis, California
  • 2Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California–Davis, Davis, California
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Publication History

Publication Date:
13 December 2011 (online)

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ABSTRACT

Coccidioidomycosis refers to the spectrum of disease caused by the dimorphic fungi Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii. Clinical manifestations vary depending upon both the extent of infection and the immune status of the host. Coccidioidomycosis has been reported to involve almost all organ systems; however, pulmonary disease is the most common clinical manifestation. The incidence of coccidioidomycosis continues to rise, and primary coccidioidal pneumonia accounts for 17 to 29% of all cases of community-acquired pneumonia in endemic regions. The majority of patients with coccidioidomycosis resolve their initial infection without sequelae; however, several patients develop complications of disease ranging in severity from complicated pulmonary coccidioidomycosis to widely disseminated disease with immediately life-threatening manifestations. This review focuses on complications of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis with an emphasis on the management of primary coccidioidal infection, solitary pulmonary nodules, pleural effusions, cavitary disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), miliary disease, and sepsis.

KEYWORDS

Coccidioidomycosis - pulmonary - triazoles - amphotericin

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George R. Thompson IIIM.D. 

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California–Davis

1 Shields Ave., Tupper Hall, Rm. 3146, Davis, CA 95616

Email: grthompson@ucdavis.edu