Planta Med 2012; 78(09): 926-933
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1298496
Analytical Studies
Original Papers
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Metabolic Fingerprinting by 1HNMR for Discrimination of the Two Species Used as Radix Bupleuri

Xuemei Qin
1   Center of Modern Research for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Peopleʼs Republic of China
2   Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
,
Yuntao Dai
2   Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
,
Ning Qing Liu
2   Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
,
Zhenyu Li
1   Center of Modern Research for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Peopleʼs Republic of China
,
Xiaojie Liu
1   Center of Modern Research for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Peopleʼs Republic of China
,
Jie Hu
1   Center of Modern Research for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Peopleʼs Republic of China
,
Young Hae Choi
2   Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
,
Robert Verpoorte
2   Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
› Institutsangaben
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

received 17. Februar 2012
revised 26. März 2012

accepted 04. April 2012

Publikationsdatum:
26. April 2012 (online)

Abstract

Radix Bupleuri is a traditional Chinese medicine harvested from two Bupleurum species (B. chinense and B. scorzonerifolium). It is widely used and is sourced from different regions of China. 1H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis were applied to 67 Radix Bupleuri samples to discriminate the two species, and explore the influences of habitat and culture method on the quality of Radix Bupleuri based on their metabolomics profiles. Metabolites responsible for the differences between the two species were higher levels of arginine, citric acid, sucrose, saikosaponin b1/b2 analogs, volatile oil with an (E)-2-olefin aldehyde fragment, and fatty acids in B. scoreonerifolium, and more saikosaponin a/c/d analogs in B. chinense. The variances of two cultivation areas were observed due to the higher amount of saikosaponins a/c/d in samples from Shaanxi and lipidsin samples from Shanxi. No obvious difference was detected between cultivars and wild type. 1HNMR metabolomics can simultaneously detect saikosaponins and hydrocarbon aldehydes, and also differentiate the two main saikosaponin skeletons, making it a suitable tool for the species discrimination and quality evaluation of Radix Bupleuri.

 
  • References

  • 1 Pan SL, Shun QS, Bai QM, Bao XS. The colour atlas of the medicinal plants from genus Bupleurum in China. Shanghai: Shanghai Literature of Science and Technology Press; 2002: 3-4
  • 2 Committee for the Pharmacopoeia of Peopleʼs Republic of China. Pharmacopoeia of P. R. China, Part 1. Beijing: Chemical Industry Publishing House; 2010: 263-264
  • 3 Wei JH, Chen SL, Wei SQ, Cao HL, Li XE, Yang CM. World science and technology modernization of traditional Chinese medicine and materia medica. China J Chin Mater Med 2005; 7: 125-129
  • 4 Luo SQ, Lin LE, Cordell GA. Saikosaponin derivatives from Bupleurum wenchuanense . Phytochem Anal 1993; 33: 1197-1205
  • 5 Jia Q, Zhang RY. Research progress on chemical constituents of Radix Bupleuri. Acta Pharm Sin 1989; 24: 961-971
  • 6 Motoo Y, Sawabu N. Antitumor effects of saikosaponins, baicalin and baicalein on human hepatoma cell lines. Cancer Lett 1994; 86: 91-95
  • 7 Bermejo BP, Abad MMJ, Silván SAM, Sanz GA, Fernández ML, Sánchez CS, Díaz LAM. In vivo and in vitro antiinflammatory activity of saikosaponins. Life Sci 1998; 63: 1147-1156
  • 8 Nose M, Amagaya S, Ogihara Y. Corticosterone secretion-inducing activity of saikosaponin metabolites formed in the alimentary tract. Chem Pharm Bull 1989; 37: 2736-2740
  • 9 Hattori T, Ito M, Suzuki Y. Studies on antinephritic effects of plant components in rats (1). Effects of saikosaponins original-type anti-GBM nephritis in rats and its mechanisms. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 1991; 97: 13-21
  • 10 Xie Y, Lu W, Cao S, Jiang X, Yin M, Tang W. Preparation of Bupleurum nasal spray and evaluation on its safety and efficacy. Chem Pharm Bull 2006; 54: 48-53
  • 11 Ni LJ, Zhang LG, Hou J, Shi WZ, Guo ML. A strategy for evaluating antipyretic efficacy of Chinese herbal medicines based on UV spectra fingerprints. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 124: 79-86
  • 12 Fernández-Ocaña AM, Gómez-Rodríguez MV, Velasco-Negueruela A, Camacho-Simarro AM, Fernández-López C, Altarejos J. In vivo antifungal activity of the essential oil of Bupleurum gibraltarium against Plasmopara halstedii in sunflower. J Agric Food Chem 2004; 52: 6414-6417
  • 13 Liu Y, Wu H, Ge F. Chemical constituents analysis on anticonvulsive effect of three extracts from Radix Bupleuri. Zhong Yao Cai 2002; 25: 635-637
  • 14 Martin S, Padilla E, Ocete MA, Galvez J, Jiménez J, Zarzuelo A. Anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil of Bupleurum fruticescens . Planta Med 1993; 59: 533-536
  • 15 Li YY, Qin XM, Wang YQ, Yue JY, Hao JP, Zhang LZ, Guo XQ. Study on specific chromatogram of saikosaponin in Bupleurum chinense . Chin Hosp Pharm J 2007; 27: 1500-1503
  • 16 Ishii H, Nakamura M, Seo S, Tori K, Tozyo T, Yosahimura Y. Isolation, characterisation and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of new saponins from the roots of Bupleurum falcatum L. Chem Pharm Bull 1980; 28: 2367-2383
  • 17 Kimata H, Hiyama C, Yahara S, Tanaka O, Ishikawa Q, Aiura M. Application of high performance liquid chromatography to the analysis of crude drugs: separatory determination of saponins of Bupleuri Radix. Chem Pharm Bull 1979; 27: 1836-1841
  • 18 Bao YW, Li C, Shen HW, Nan FJ. Determination of saikosaponin derivatives in Radix Bupleuri and in pharmaceuticals of the Chinese multiherb remedy Xiaochaihu-tang using liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2004; 76: 4208-4216
  • 19 Li XQ, Jia Y, Song AH, Chen XH, Bi KS. Analysis of the essential oil from Radix Bupleuri using capillary gas chromatography. Yakugaku Zasshi 2005; 125: 815-819
  • 20 Huang HQ, Zhang X, Xu ZX, Su J, Yan SK, Zhang WD. Fast determination of saikosaponins in Bupleurum by rapid resolution liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 49: 1048-1055
  • 21 Kim HK, Choi YH, Verpoorte R. NMR-based metabolomic analysis of plants. Nat Protoc 2009; 3: 536-548
  • 22 Ott KH, Aranibar N, Singh B, Stockton GW. Metabonomics classifies pathways affected by bioactive compounds. Artificial neural network classification of NMR spectra of plant extracts. Phytochemistry 2003; 62: 971-985
  • 23 Bailey NJC, Sampson J, Hylands PJ, Nicholson JK, Holmes E. Multi-component metabolic classification of commercial feverfew preparations via high-field 1HNMR spectroscopy and chemometrics. Planta Med 2002; 68: 734-738
  • 24 Choi YH, Kim HK, Hazekamp A, Erkelens C, Lefeber AWM, Verpoorte R. Metabolomic differentiation of Cannabis sativa cultivars using H-1NMR spectroscopy and principal component analysis. J Nat Prod 2004; 67: 953-957
  • 25 Kim HK, Saifullah Khan S, Wilson EG, Kricun SDP, Meissner A, Goraler S, Deelder AM, Choi YH, Verpoorte R. Metabolic classification of South American Ilex species by NMR-based metabolomics. Phytochemistry 2010; 71: 773-784
  • 26 Zhao YY, Luo HS, Wang B, Ma LB, Tu GZ, Zhang R. Triterpenoid saponins from Bupleurum smithii var. parvifoloum . Phytochemistry 1996; 42: 1673-1675
  • 27 Ali K, Maltese F, Fortes AM, Pais MS, Choi YH, Verpoorte R. Monitoring biochemical changes during grape berry development in Portuguese cultivars by NMR spectroscopy. Food Chem 2011; 124: 1760-1769
  • 28 Goodacre R, Shann B, Gilbert RJ, Timmins EM, Mcgovern AC, Kell DB, Logan NA. Detection of the dipicolinic acid biomarker in Bacillus spores using Curie-point pyrolysis mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2000; 72: 119-127
  • 29 Ward JL, Harris C, Lewis J, Beale MH. Metabolomic differentiation of Cannabis sativa cultivars using 1H NMR spectroscopy and principal component analysis. Phytochemistry 2003; 62: 949-957
  • 30 Cardoso-Taketa AT, Pereda-Miranda R, Choi YH, Verpoorte R, Villarreal ML. Metabolic profiling of the Mexican anxiolytic and sedative plant Galphimia glauca using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis. Planta Med 2008; 74: 1295-1301