J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2012; 73(01): 38-45
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1304503
Historical Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Neurosurgery in Würzburg until World War II[*]

H. Arnold
1   Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Neurosurgery, Luebeck, Germany
,
H. Collmann
2   Sect. Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
06 February 2012 (online)

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Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Klaus Roosen, head of the Neurosurgical University Clinic in Würzburg, on the occasion of his retirement and of the 75th anniversary of the establisment of the first German neurosurgical unit at Würzburg.

Abstract

The institution of German neurosurgery as an autonomous surgical specialty, starting in Würzburg in 1934, is closely linked to the names of Fritz König and Wilhelm Tönnis. They were acting at a time when the global economic crisis and a consolidating Nazi dictatorship caused a cascade of alarming changes in political and social life. On the one hand it is fascinating to see how the restless work and energy of Tönnis managed to build up the first independent neurosurgical unit in Germany and to tighten efficient international connections all over the world within a few years. On the other hand–from a present-day perspective–it is difficult to understand how his strive towards a specialist's success, in contrast to that of Otfrid Foerster, was barely affected by the threatening political development, until the Second World War stopped his plans and ideas for many years.

Note

Additional information is available from the “Archiv für Geschichte der Deutschen Neurochirurgie” (Archive of the History of German Neurosurgery). The authors are indebted to Dr. Marcus Holtz, head of the University Archives of Würzburg, for permitting access to the personal files of Fritz König, Wilhelm Tönnis, and Max Kappis.


* This article was originally Published online in Central European Neurosurgery on July 22, 2011 (DOI:10.1055/s-0030-1261907)


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