Validation of a Real-Time Video Analysis System for Soccer

A. Redwood-Brown; W. Cranton; C. Sunderland

doi:10.1055/s-0032-1306326

International Journal of Sports Medicine, Table of Contents

Int J Sports Med 2012; 33(08): 635-640
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306326

Training & Testing

Validation of a Real-Time Video Analysis System for Soccer

A. Redwood-Brown

¹Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom

,

W. Cranton

¹Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom

,

C. Sunderland

¹Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

The aim of the current study was to determine the validity of an automated multiple-camera tracking system (Venatrack™), for the measurement of speed during soccer. 18 recreationally active males (mean age 27±8.6 years) performed a series of runs (total 391), representative of the movements made by soccer players, at given speeds. The speeds recorded by the automatic tracking system were compared statistically with speed measurements made using timing gates. For all the runs combined the mean speed recorded by the automated system was 15.4±5.5 km·h^− 1 compared with the recorded mean speed of 15.2±5.4 km·h^− 1 and the mean difference and 95% limits of agreement were − 0.25±0.64 km·h^− 1. Pearson correlations (r) among timing gate speed and automated tracking speed were ≥ 0.99 (P<0.001), except the 20 m sprint, with 90° turn (r > 0.7). For the zig-zag shuttle the mean speed recorded by the automated system was 21.2±3.5 km·h^− 1 compared with the recorded mean speed of 20.8±3.4 km·h^− 1. The results demonstrate good validity over a range of soccer specific movements and speeds, up to and including sprinting. The results of this study suggest that the automated system (Venatrack™) is a valid real-time motion analysis system for tracking player movements during soccer.

Key words

football - time-motion analysis - tracking - multiple-camera system

Full Text

References

References
1 Atkinson G, Nevill A. Statistical methods for assessing measurement error (reliability) in variables relevant to sports medicine. Sports Med 1998; 26: 217-238
2 Bangsbo J, Norregaard L, Thoroe F. Activity profile of competition soccer. Can J Sports Sci 1991; 16: 110-116
3 Barbero-Álvarez JC, Coutts A, Granda J, Barbero-Álvarez V, Castagna C. The validity and reliability of a global positioning satellite system device to assess speed and repeated sprint ability (RSA) in athletes. J Sci Med Sport 2010; 4: 232-235
4 Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet 1986; 307-310
5 Carling C, Bloomfield J, Nelsen L, Reilly T. The role of motion analysis in elite soccer: Contemporary performance measurement techniques and work rate data. Sports Med 2008; 38: 839-862
6 Carling C, Reilly T, Williams AM. Performance Assessment for Field Sports. London: Routledge; 2009: 70-102
7 Coutts AJ, Duffield R. Validity and reliability of GPS devices for measuring movement demands of team sports. J Sci Med Sport 2008; 13: 133-135
8 Di Salvo V, Collins A, McNeill B, Cardinale M. Validation of Prozone^®: A new video based performance analysis system. Int J Perform Anal Sport 2006; 6: 108-119
9 Di Salvo V, Baron R, Tschan H, Calderon Montero FJ, Bach N, Pigozzi F. Performance characteristics according to playing position in elite soccer. Int J Sports Med 2007; 28: 222-227
10 Di Salvo V, Gregson W, Atkinson G, Tordoff P, Drust B. Analysis of high intensity activity in Premier League Soccer. Int J Sports Med 2009; 30: 205-212
11 Drust B, Atkinson G, Reilly T. Future perspectives in the evaluation of the physiological demands of soccer. Sports Med 2007; 37: 783-805
12 Edgecomb SJ, Norton KI. Comparison of global positioning and computer-based tracking systems for measuring player movement distance during Australian football. J Sci Med Sport 2006; 9: 25-32
13 Franks IM, Miller G. Eyewitness testimony in Sport. J Sport Behav 1986; 9: 38-45
14 Frencken WGP, Lemmink KAPM, Delleman NJ. Soccer-specific accuracy and validity of the local position measurement (LPM) system. J Sci Med Sport 2010; 13: 641-645
15 Gamble D, O’Donoghue PG, Young E. Activity profile and heart rate response of referees in Gaelic football. World Congress of Science and Football 6 Antalya, Turkey: January 2007
16 Gregson W, Drust B, Atkinson G, Salvo VD. Match-to-match variability of high-speed activities in premier league soccer. Int J Sports Med 2010; 31: 237-242
17 Harriss DJ, Atkinson G. Update – ethical standards in sport and exercise science research. Int J Sports Med 2011; 32: 819-821
18 Hirotsu N, Wright M. Using a Markov process model of an association football match to determine the optimal timing of substitution and tactical decisions. J Oper Res Soc 2002; 53: 88-96
19 Hopkins WG. Reliability for consecutive pair of trials (Excel Spread sheet). In: A new view of statistics. Sportsci.org 2000: Internet society for sports science, sportsci.org/resource/stats/xrely.xls
20 Kirkendall DT, Lenard K, Garrett Jr WE. On the relationship between fitness and running volume and intensity in female soccer players. J Sport Sci 2004; 22: 549-550
21 Krustrup P, Mohr M, Amstrup T, Rysgaard T, Joghansen J, Steensberg A, Pedersen PK, Bangsbo J. The yo-yo intermittent recovery test: Physiological response, reliability, and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35: 697-705
22 Liebermann DG, Katz L, Hughes MD, Bartlett RM, McClements J, Franks IM. Advances in the application of information technology to sport performance. J Sports Sci 2002; 20: 755-769
23 MacLeod H, Morris J, Nevill A, Sunderland C. The validity of a non-differential global positioning system for assessing player movement patterns in field hockey. J Sports Sci 2009; 27: 121-128
24 Mohr M, Krustrup P, Bangsbo J. Match performance of high-standard soccer players with special reference to development of fatigue. J Sport Sci 2003; 21: 439-449
25 O’Donoghue PG, Tenga A. The effect of score-line on work rate in elite soccer. J Sports Sci 2001; 19: 25-26
26 O’Donoghue PG. Sources of variability in time-motion data: measurement error and within player variability in work-rate. Int J Perform Anal Sport 2004; 4: 42-49
27 O’Donoghue PG, Robinson G. Validation of the ProZone3^® player tracking system: a preliminary report. Int J Comput Sci Sport 2009; 8: 38-53
28 Portas MD, Harley JA, Barnes CA, Rush CJ. The validity and reliability of 1-Hz and 5-Hz global positioning systems for linear, multidirectional and soccer-specific activities. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2010; 5: 448-458
29 Rahnama N, Reilly T, Lees A. Injury risk associated with playing actions during competitive soccer. Br J Sports Med 2002; 36: 354-359
30 Rampinini E, Bishop D, Marcora SM, Ferrari Bravo D, Sassi R, Impellizzeri FM. Validation of simple field tests as indictors of match-related performance in top level professional soccer players. Int J Sports Med 2007; 28: 228-235
31 Rampinini E, Coutts AJ, Castagna C, Sassi R, Impellizzeri FM. Variation in top level soccer match performance. Int J Sports Med 2007; 28: 1018-1024
32 Rampinini E, Impellizzeri FM, Castagna C, Coutts AJ, Wisloff U. Technical performance during soccer matches of the Italian Series A League: Effect of fatigue and competitive level. J Sci Med Sport 2009; 112: 227-233
33 Randers MB, Mujika I, Hewitt A, Santisteban J, Bischoff R, Solano R, Zubillaga A, Peltola E, Krustrup P, Mohr M. Application of four different football match analysis systems: A comparative study. J Sports Sci 2010; 28: 171-182
34 Reilly T, Thomas V. A motion analysis of work-rate in different positional roles in professional football match-play. J Hum Mov Stud 1976; 2: 87-97
35 Reilly T. Motion analysis and physiological demands. In: Reilly T, Williams AM. (eds.). Science and Soccer: Routledge. 2^nd ed. London: Routledge; 2003: 59-72
36 Simpson KJ, Shewokis PA, Alduwaisan S, Reeves KT. Factors influencing rear foot kinematics during a rapid lateral breaking movement. Med Sci Sport Exerc 1992; 24: 586-594
37 Witte TH, Wilson AM. Accuracy of non-differential GPS for the determination of speed over ground. J Biomech 2004; 37: 1891-1898