PDF herunterladen
Int J Sports Med 2012; 33(12): 987-993
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1311654
Training & Testing
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Relative Age Effect and Yo-Yo IR1 in Youth Soccer

D. Deprez   *
1   Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
,
R. Vaeyens   *
1   Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
,
A. J. Coutts
2   School of Leisure, Sport & Tourism, University of Technology, Sydney, Lindfield, Australia
,
M. Lenoir
1   Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
,
R. Philippaerts
1   Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
› Institutsangaben
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf



accepted after revision 28. März 2012

Publikationsdatum:
12. Juli 2012 (online)

Auch verfügbar auf
    Lizenzen und Reprints

Abstract

The aims of the study were to investigate the presence of a relative age effect and the influence of birth quarter on anthropometric characteristics, an estimation of biological maturity and performance in the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 in 606 elite, Flemish youth soccer players. The sample was divided into 5 chronological age groups (U10–U19), each subdivided into 4 birth quarters. Players had their APHV estimated and height, weight and Yo-Yo IR1 performance were assessed. Differences between quarters were investigated using uni- and multivariate analyses. Overall, significantly (P<0.001) more players were born in the first quarter (37.6%) compared to the last (13.2%). Further, no significant differences in anthropometric variables and Yo-Yo IR1 performance were found between the 4 birth quarters. However, there was a trend for players born in the first quarter being taller and heavier than players born in the fourth quarter. Players born in the last quarter tended to experience their peak in growth earlier, this may have enabled them to compete physically with their relatively older peers. Our results indicated selection procedures which are focused on the formation of strong physical and physiological homogeneous groups. Relative age and individual biological maturation should be considered when selecting adolescent soccer players.

Key words

talent selection - peak height velocity - maturity - endurance

* Authors with equal contributions.


 

  • References

  • 1 Bangsbo J. Fitness Training in Football: A Scientific Approach. August Krogh Institute, Copenhagen University; 1994: 1-336
    Google Scholar
  • 2 Bangsbo J, Iaia MF, Krustrup P. The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test: A useful tool for evaluation of physical performance in intermittent sports. Sports Med 2008; 38: 37-51
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Barnsley HR, Thompson HR, Barnsley PE. Hockey Success and Birthdate: The Relative Age Effect. Canadian Association of Health. Physical Education and Recreation 1985; 51: 23-28
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Barnsley HR, Thompson AH. Birthdate and success in minor hockey: The key to the NHL. Can J Beh Sci 1988; 20: 167-176
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Beunen G, Ostyn M, Simons J, Renson R, Claessens AL, Vanden Eynde B, Lefevre J, Vanreusel B, Malina RM, Van t Hof MA. Development and tracking in fitness components: Leuven longitudinal study on lifestyle, fitness and health. Int J Sports Med 1997; 18: 171-178
    Artikel in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Carling C, Le Gall F, Reilly T, Williams AM. Do anthropometric and fitness characteristics vary according to birth date distribution in elite youth academy soccer players?. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2009; 19: 3-9
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Carvalho HM, Coelho e Silva MJ, Figueiredo AJ, Conçalves CE, Castagna C, Philippaerts RM, Malina RM. Cross-validation and reliability of the line-drill test of anaerobic performance in basketball players 14–16 years. J Strength Cond Res 2011; 25: 1113-1119
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Castagna C, Impellizzeri FM, Chamari K, Carlomagno D, Rampinini E. Aerobic fitness and yo-yo continuous and intermittent tests performances in soccer players: A correlation study. J Strength Cond Res 2006; 20: 320-325
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Castagna C, Impellizzeri FM, Cecchini E, Rampinini Barbero Alvarez JC. Effects of intermittent-endurance fitness on match performance in young male soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 2009; 23: 1954-1959
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Castagna C, Manzi V, Impellizzeri FM, Weston M, Barbero Alvarez JC. Relationship between endurance field tests and match performance in young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24: 3227-3233
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Cobley S, Baker J, Wattie N, McKenna J. Annual age-grouping and athlete development: a meta-analytical review of relative age effects in sport. Sports Med 2009; 39: 235-256
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale (NJ): Lawrence Erlbaum; 1988. 567.
    Google Scholar
  • 13 Del Campo DG, Vicedo JC, Villora SG, Jordan OR. The relative age effect in youth soccer players from Spain. J Sports Sci Med 2010; 9: 190-198
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Figueiredo AJ, Gonçalves CE, Coelho e Silva MJ, Malina RM. Youth soccer players, 11–14 years: Maturity, size, function, skill and goal orientation. Ann Hum Biol 2009; 36: 60-73
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Figueiredo AJ, Gonçalves CE, Coelho e Silva MJ, Malina RM. Characteristics of youth soccer players who drop out, persist or move up. J Sports Sci 2009; 27 (2009) 883-891
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Harriss DJ, Atkinson G. Update – ethical standards in sport and exercise science research. Int J Sports Med 2011; 32: 819-821
    Artikel in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Helsen WF, Starkes JL, Van Winckel J. The influence of relative age on success and dropout in male soccer players. Am J Hum Biol 1998; 10: 791-798
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Helsen WF, Hodges NJ, Van Winckel J, Starkes JL. The roles of talent, physical precocity and practice in the development of soccer expertise. J Sports Sci 2000; 18: 727-736
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Helsen WF, Van Winckel J, Williams AM. The relative age effect in youth soccer across Europe. J Sports Sci 2005; 23: 629-636
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Hill-Haas SV, Coutts AJ, Rowsell GJ, Dawson BT. Generic versus small-sided game training in soccer. Int J Sports Med 2009; 30: 636-642
    Artikel in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Hirose N. Relationships among birth-date distribution, skeletal age and anthropometric characteristics in adolescent elite soccer players. J Sports Sci 2009; 27: 1159-1166
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Jimenez IP, Pain MTG. Relative age effect in Spanish association football: Its extent and implications for wasted potential. J Sports Sci 2008; 26: 995-1003
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Krustrup P, Mohr M, Amstrup R, Rysgaard T, Johansen J, Steensberg A, Pedersen KP, Bangsbo J. The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test: physiological response, reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exer 2003; 35: 697-705
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Krustrup P, Mohr M, Nybo L, Jensen JM, Nielsen JJ, Bangsbo J. The yo-yo IR2 test: Physiological response, reliability and application to elite soccer. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006; 38: 1666-1673
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Le Gall F, Carling C, Williams AM, Reilly T. Anthropometric and fitness characteristics of international, professional and amateur male graduate soccer players from an elite youth academy. J Sci Med Sport 2010; 13: 90-95
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Malina RM, Peňa Reyes ME, Eisenmann JC, Horta L, Rodrigues J, Miller R. Height, mass and skeletal maturity of elite Portuguese soccer players aged 11–16 years. J Sport Sci 2000; 18: 685-693
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Malina RM, Eisenmann JC, Cumming SP, Ribeiro B, Aroso J. Maturity-associated variation in the growth and functional capacities of youth football (soccer) players 13–15 years. Eur J Appl Physiol 2004; 91: 555-562
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Malina RM, Ribeiro B, Aroso J, Cumming SP. Characteristics of youth soccer players aged 13–15 years classified by skill level. Br J Sports Med 2007; 41: 290-295
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Markovic G, Mikulic P. Discriminate ability of the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (level 1) in prospective young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 2011; 25: 2931-2934
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Mirwald RL, Baxter-Jones ADG, Bailey DA, Beunen GP. An assessment of maturity from anthropometric measurements. Med Sci Sport Exerc 2002; 34: 689-694
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Mohr M, Krustrup P, Bangsbo J. Match performance of high-standard soccer players with special reference to develompent of fatigue. J Sport Sci 2003; 21: 519-528
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Mujika I, Vaeyens R, Matthys SPJ, Santisteban J, Goiriena J, Philippaerts RM. The relative age effect in a professional football club setting. J Sport Sci 2009; 27: 1153-1158
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Musch J, Grondin S. Unequal competition as an impediment to personal development: A review of the relative age effect in sport. Dev Review 2001; 21: 147-167
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Rampinini E, Impellizzeri FM, Castagna C, Azzalin A, Brabo DF, Wisløff U. Effect of match-related fatigue on short-passing ability in young soccer players. Med Sci Sport Exerc 2007; 40: 934-942
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Rösch D, Hodgson R, Peterson L, Graf-Baumann T, Junge A, Chomiak J, Dvorak J. Assessment and evaluation of football performance. Am J Sports Med Suppl 2000; 28: S29-S39
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Segers V, De Clercq D, Janssens M. Running economy in early and late maturing youth soccer players does not differ. Br J Sports Med 2008; 42: 289-294
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Sherar LB, Baxter-Jones ADG, Faulkner RA, Russell KW. Do physical maturity and birth date predict talent in male youth ice hockey players?. J Sports Sci 2007; 25: 879-886
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Sirotic AC, Coutts AJ. Physiological and performance test correlates of prolonged, high–intensity, intermittent running performance in moderately trained women team sport athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2007; 21: 138-144
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Thomas A, Dawson B, Goodman C. The Yo-Yo test: reliability and association with a 20-m shuttle run and VO2max. Int J Sports Physiol Perf 2006; 1: 137-149
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Vaeyens R, Philippaerts RM, Malina RM. The relative age effect in soccer: A match-related perspective. J Sports Sci 2005; 23: 747-756
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Vaeyens R, Malina RM, Janssens M, Van Renterghem B, Bourgois J, Vrijens Philippaerts RM. A multidisciplinary selection model for youth soccer: the Ghent Youth Soccer Project. Br J Sports Med 2006; 40: 928-934
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar