The Normal Thromboelastogram and Its Interpretation

• References

• 1 Hartert HH. The proper phase of coagulation: Its physical differentiation by resonance-thrombography and thrombelastography. Clin Hemorheol 2: 51-69 1982;
• 2 Audier M, Serradimigni A. Savoir interpreter un thrombo-elastogramme ou l’exploration precise de la coagulation sanguine. Maloine; Paris: 1962: 135
• 3 Raby C, (Ed) Exploración del tiempo trombodimimico. In: Hemorragias y Trombosis. Barcelona; Toray-Masson: 1968: 190-211
• 4 Hartert HH. Blutgerinnungsstudien mit der Thrombelastographie, einem neuen Untersuchungsverfahren. Klin Wochenschr 29: 577-583 1948;
• 5 De Nicola P. Thromboelastography. Charles C Thomas; Springfield Il: 1957: 110
• 6 Marchal G, Leroux ME, Samama M. La Thrombodynamographie (Thrombelastographie) Sa place actuelle en clinique. Presse Med 51: 1919-1922 1960;
• 7 Caprini JA, Eckenhoff JB, Ramstack JM, Zuckerman L, Mockros LF. Contact activation of heparinized plasma. Thromb Res 5: 379-400 1974;
• 8 Jaulmes A, Querangal D, Delga J, (Eds) Hematologia. In: Prdctica de laboratorio. Barcelona; Toray-Masson: 1972: 591-721
• 9 Butler MJ. Thromboelastography during and after elective abdominal surgery. Thromb Haemostas 39: 488-495 1978;
• 10 Torrás-Barba J, Duran J, Pales A, Alloza J, Monasterio J, Triginer A. Valoración tromboelastográfica de la hipercoagulabilidad en pacientes traumatológicos sometidos a profilaxis con heparina calcica. Sangre 25: 35-44 1980;
• 11 De Gaetano G, Vermylen J. Effect of aspirin on the thrombelastogram of human blood. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 30: 494-498 1973;
• 12 García-Monteavaro M, Rodriguez M, Diez M, Navarro A. Thromboelastographic assays of the clotting process in situations of obesity and caloric restriction. Rev Esp Fisiol 42: 57-62 1986;
• 13 Traverso CI, Arcelus JI, Gómez E, Luna JD, López-Cantarero M, García JM. Prospective assessment of the risk of deep vein thrombosis in elective abdominal surgery. Predictive role of thromboelastography. Thromb Haemorrh Disord 7: 9-15 1993;
• 14 Zuckerman L, Cohen E, Vagher JP, Woodward E, Caprini JA. Comparison of thrombelastography with common coagulation tests. Thromb Haemostas 46: 752-756 1981;
• 15 Spiess BD, Tuman KJ, McCarthy RJ, Delaria GA, Schilo R, Ivancovich AD. Thromboelastography as an indicator of post-cardiopulmonary bypass coagulopathies. J Clin Monit 3: 25-30 1987;
• 16 Tuman KJ, McCarthy RJ, Patel RV, Patel RB, Ivankovich AD. Comparison of thromboelastography and platelet aggregometry. Anesthesiology 75: A433 1991;
• 17 Martin P, Horkay F, Rajah SM, Walker DR. Monitoring of coagulation status using thrombelastography during paediatric open heart surgery. J Clin Monit 6: 183-187 1991;
• 18 Howland WS, Castro B, Fortner J, Gould P. Hypercoagulability, thrombelastographic monitoring during extensive hepatic surgery. Arch Surg 108: 605-608 1974;
• 19 Sultan C, Priolet G, Benzard Y, Rosa R, Josso F. Exploración de la hemostasia. In: Técnicas en Hematología. Barcelona; Toray-Masson: 1979: 129-334
• 20 Leroux ME. La thrombo-elastographie. Studes theoriques, techniques, experimentales et cliniques sur la thrombo-elastographie etsur quelques problemes annexes lies a La biologie de la coagulation sanguine. Asnieres, Les Dessins et Tirages Publibitaries M. Garcia 1957;
• 21 Bosson P, Dechamboux R. La thrombo-elastographie de Hartert son interet dans l’etude de la coagulation. Librairie Medicale Vigue; Paris: 1958
• 22 Owen CA, Rettkee SR, Bowie EIW, Cole TL, Jensen CC, Wiesner RH, Viram RAF. Hemostatic evaluation of patients undergoing liver transplantation. Mayo Clin Proc 62: 761-772 1987;
• 23 Summaria L, Sandesara J, Yang G, Vagher JP, Caprini JA. In vitro comparison of fibrinolytic activity of plasminogen activators using a thromboelastographic method. In vivo evaluation of the B-chain-streptokinase complex in the dog model using pre-titered doses. Thromb Haemostas 56: 71-78 1986;
• 24 Kang Y, Aggarwal S, Freeman JA. Update on anesthesia for adult liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 19: 7-12 1987;
• 25 Kang YG, Martin DJ, Marwuez J, Lewis JH, Bontempo FA, Shaw BW, Starzl TE. Intraoperative changes in blood coagulation and thrombelastographic monitoring in liver transplantation. Anesth Analg 64: 888-896 1985;
• 26 Tuman KJ, Spiess BD, McCarthy RJ, Ivankovich AD. Effects of progressive blood loss on coagulation as measured by thrombelastography. Anesth Analg 66: 856-863 1987;
• 27 Lee BY, Trainor FS, Thoden WR, Kauner D, (Eds) Monitoring coagulation dynamics: Thromboelastography. In: Handbook of Noninvasive Diagnostic Techniques in Vascular Surgery. CT, Appleton-Century-Crofts; East Norwalk: 1981
• 28 Fano R, González H. Valor de la tromboelastografia en la detección de la hipercoagulabilidad plasmática. Barcelona Quir 26: 288-294 1983;
• 29 Traverso CI. Estudio de las modificaciones tromboelastograficas inducidas por la heparina a bajas dosis y el dextrano 70 como profilaxis de la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa postoperatoria. Granada University School of Medicine. Spain: Medical Degree Thesis 1986
• 30 Stoltz J, Alexandre P, Voisin P, Larcan A, Streiff F. Viscosite sanguine: Correlations avec les parametres du thromboelastogramme. Nouv Presse Med 9: 3095-3096 1980;
• 31 Raby C, Couinaud C. Les trubles de la coagulation dans les hemorragies des hypertensions portales. Chirugie 102: 186-196 1976;
• 32 Duraffourd P. Les conditions de la fiabilite et les avantages du thromboelastogramme. Coeur 12: 447-455 1981;
• 33 Blanchemaison P, Griton P, Cloarec M. Les ulceres hypercoagulables. A propos d’un cas recent. Phlebologie 40: 949-954 1987;
• 34 Traverso CI. Valoración del test de tolerancia a la heparina intravenosa realizado con tromboelastografia en la predicción de la enfermedad tromboembó1ica venosa tras cirugfa general electiva. Granada University School of Medicine. Spain: Doctoral Thesis 1989
• 35 Zyryanov BN, Tutrin II, Udut VV. Risk evaluation of thromboembolic diseases according to functional test data in patients with advanced malignancies. Neoplasma 34: 353-360 1987;
• 36 Vara-Thorbeck R, Lopez-Quiñones M, Guerrero J, Castro J. Modificaciones tromboelastográficas inducidas por la hemodilución con dextrano en cirugía de cadera. Cir Esp 40: 1061-1069 1986;
• 37 Della Santa R. Une nouvelle methode de depistage des diatheses thrombophiles: la thromboelastographie selon Hartert. Praxis 43: 89-93 1953;
• 38 Heather BP, Jennings SA, Greenhalgh RM. The saline dilution test -a preoperative predictor of DVT. Br J Surg 67: 63-65 1980;
• 39 Cohen E, Caprini JA, Zuckerman L, Vagher JP, Robinson B. Evaluation of three methods used to identify accelerated coagulability. Thromb Res 10: 587-607 1977;
• 40 Caprini JA, Vagher JP, Rabidi SJ, Mitchell JE. Laboratory monitoring of continuous intravenous heparin therapy. Thromb Res 29: 91-94 1983;
• 41 Caprini JA, Zuckerman L, Cohen A, Vagher JP, Lipp V. The identification of accelerated coagulability. Thromb Res 9: 167-180 1976;
• 42 Confino E, EI-Roeiy A, Friberg J, Gleicher N. The thromboelastogram and circulating lupus anticoagulant. J Reprod Med 4: 289-291 1989;
• 43 Scott GW, Burnett J. On the rates of coagulation and subsequent softening of bovine and human blood and of thrombin-fibrinogen. Biorheology 5: 163-176 1969;
• 44 Wang M, Zhuang FY, Tian T. Analysis of thromboelastogram on coagulation and fibrinolysis. Biorheology 25: 539-944 1988;
• 45 Hartert HH, Schaeder JA. The physical and biological constants of Thrombelastography. Biorheology 1: 31-39 1962;
• 46 Caen J, Larrieu M, Samama M, (Eds) La coagulación.. In: Hemostasia: Métodos de exploración y diagnóstico práctico. Barcelona; Toray-Masson: 1977: 101-119
• 47 Schneider W, Rodermund O-E, Egli H. Das normale Thromboelastogramm. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 7: 35-47 1962;