Neuropsychological Aspects of Childhood Multiple Sclerosis: An Overview

Astrid Blaschek; Karin Storm van's Gravesande; Florian Heinen; Martin Pritsch; Volker Mall; Pasquale Calabrese

doi:10.1055/s-0032-1315429

Neuropediatrics, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Neuropediatrics 2012; 43(04): 176-183
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1315429

Review Article

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Neuropsychological Aspects of Childhood Multiple Sclerosis: An Overview

Authors

Astrid Blaschek

¹Department of Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany

^*These authors have contributed equally to this work.
Karin Storm van's Gravesande

²Department of Neuropaediatrics and Muscular Disorders, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany

³Gottfried von Preyer'sches Kinderspital, Vienna, Austria

^*These authors have contributed equally to this work.
Florian Heinen

¹Department of Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
Martin Pritsch

⁴Department of Neuropaediatrics, DRK-Children Hospital Siegen, Germany
Volker Mall

²Department of Neuropaediatrics and Muscular Disorders, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany

⁵KBO Kinderzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
Pasquale Calabrese

⁶Department of Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, University Clinic of Neurology, Kantonsspital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

⁷Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Abstract

While cognitive impairment, major depression, and fatigue have been well documented in adult patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), there is still little information regarding MS-associated cognitive disabilities in infants and adolescents who represent 3 to 5% of all MS cases. Recent studies show that cognitive decline related to MS profoundly interferes with academic success and psychosocial adjustment. Neuropsychological dysfunction affects quality of life more significantly than mere Expanded Disability Status Scale is able to reflect. We herein give an overview of the knowledge available to date. Affective and emotional disturbances together with other comorbidities interfering with cognition are also reviewed. Finally, possible suggestions and future directions for the assessment of cognitive capabilities in children with MS are envisioned.

Keywords

multiple sclerosis - childhood - cognition

Volltext

Referenzen

References
1 Banwell B, Ghezzi A, Bar-Or A, Mikaeloff Y, Tardieu M. Multiple sclerosis in children: clinical diagnosis, therapeutic strategies, and future directions. Lancet Neurol 2007; 6 (10) 887-902
2 Huppke P, Gärtner J. A practical guide to pediatric multiple sclerosis. Neuropediatrics 2010; 41 (4) 157-162
3 Till C, Ghassemi R, Aubert-Broche B , et al. MRI correlates of cognitive impairment in childhood-onset multiple sclerosis. Neuropsychology 2011; 25 (3) 319-332
4 Fields RD. White matter in learning, cognition and psychiatric disorders. Trends Neurosci 2008; 31 (7) 361-370
5 Callanan MM, Logsdail SJ, Ron MA, Warrington EK. Cognitive impairment in patients with clinically isolated lesions of the type seen in multiple sclerosis. A psychometric and MRI study. Brain 1989; 112 (Pt 2) 361-374
6 Good K, Clark CM, Oger J, Paty D, Klonoff H. Cognitive impairment and depression in mild multiple sclerosis. J Nerv Ment Dis 1992; 180 (11) 730-732
7 MacAllister WS, Christodoulou C, Milazzo M, Krupp LB. Longitudinal neuropsychological assessment in pediatric multiple sclerosis. Dev Neuropsychol 2007; 32 (2) 625-644
8 Amato MP, Goretti B, Ghezzi A , et al; Multiple Sclerosis Study Group of the Italian Neurological Society. Cognitive and psychosocial features of childhood and juvenile MS. Neurology 2008; 70 (20) 1891-1897
9 Banwell BL, Anderson PE. The cognitive burden of multiple sclerosis in children. Neurology 2005; 64 (5) 891-894
10 MacAllister WS, Belman AL, Milazzo M , et al. Cognitive functioning in children and adolescents with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2005; 64 (8) 1422-1425
11 Portaccio E, Goretti B, Lori S , et al; Multiple Sclerosis Study Group of the Italian Neurological Society. The brief neuropsychological battery for children: a screening tool for cognitive impairment in childhood and juvenile multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2009; 15 (5) 620-626
12 Matthews CG, Cleeland CS, Hopper CL. Neuropsychological patterns in multiple sclerosis. Dis Nerv Syst 1970; 31 (3) 161-170
13 Rao SM, Leo GJ, Bernardin L, Unverzagt F. Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. I. Frequency, patterns, and prediction. Neurology 1991; 41 (5) 685-691
14 Rao SM. Neuropsychology of multiple sclerosis: a critical review. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1986; 8 (5) 503-542
15 Amato MP, Ponziani G, Pracucci G, Bracco L, Siracusa G, Amaducci L. Cognitive impairment in early-onset multiple sclerosis. Pattern, predictors, and impact on everyday life in a 4-year follow-up. Arch Neurol 1995; 52 (2) 168-172
16 McIntosh-Michaelis SA, Roberts MH, Wilkinson SM , et al. The prevalence of cognitive impairment in a community survey of multiple sclerosis. Br J Clin Psychol 1991; 30 (Pt 4) 333-348
17 Sadovnick AD, Remick RA, Allen J , et al. Depression and multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1996; 46 (3) 628-632
18 Holden K, Isaac CL. Depression in multiple sclerosis: reactive or endogenous?. Clin Neuropsychol 2011; 25 (4) 624-639
19 MacAllister WS, Boyd JR, Holland NJ, Milazzo MC, Krupp LB ; International Pediatric MS Study Group. The psychosocial consequences of pediatric multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2007; 68 (16, Suppl 2) S66-S69
20 Anzola GP, Bevilacqua L, Cappa SF , et al. Neuropsychological assessment in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and mild functional impairment: correlation with magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990; 53 (2) 142-145
21 Banwell B, Tremlett H. Coming of age: the use of immunomodulatory therapy in children with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2005; 64 (5) 778-779
22 Vowels LM, Gates GR. Neuropsychological findings. In: Simons AF, ed. Multiple Sclerosis: Psychological and Social Aspects. London: Heinemann; 1984: 82-90
23 Penman MF. Assessing the prevalence of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: implications for patient management. Axone 1991; 13 (2) 45-49
24 Petersen RC, Kokmen E. Cognitive and psychiatric abnormalities in multiple sclerosis. Mayo Clin Proc 1989; 64 (6) 657-663
25 Litvan I, Grafman J, Vendrell P , et al. Multiple memory deficits in patients with multiple sclerosis. Exploring the working memory system. Arch Neurol 1988; 45 (6) 607-610
26 van den Burg W, van Zomeren AH, Minderhoud JM, Prange AJ, Meijer NS. Cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis and mild physical disability. Arch Neurol 1987; 44 (5) 494-501
27 Calabrese P, Haupts M, Babinsky R, Markowitsch HJ, Gehlen W. Alltagsgedächtnisleistungen bei Multipler Sklerose. Z Neuropsychol 1993; 4: 4-16
28 Stenager E, Knudsen L, Jensen K. Multiple sclerosos: correlation of cognitive dysfunction with Kurtzke Disability Status Scale. In: Jensen K, Knudsen L, Stenager E, Grant I, eds. Mental Disorders and Cognitive Deficits in Multiple Sclerosis. London: Libbey; 1989: 27-37
29 Beatty WW, Goodkin DE, Monson N, Beatty PA, Hertsgaard D. Anterograde and retrograde amnesia in patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 1988; 45 (6) 611-619
30 Rao SM, Leo GJ, St Aubin-Faubert P. On the nature of memory disturbance in multiple sclerosis. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1989; 11 (5) 699-712
31 Minden SL, Moes EJ, Orav J, Kaplan E, Reich P. Memory impairment in multiple sclerosis. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1990; 12 (4) 566-586
32 Maurelli M, Marchioni E, Cerretano R , et al. Neuropsychological assessment in MS: clinical, neurophysiological and neuroradiological relationships. Acta Neurol Scand 1992; 86 (2) 124-128
33 Grafman J, Rao SM, Litvan I. Disorders of memory. In: Rao SM, ed. Neurobehavioral Aspects of Multiple Sclerosis. New York: Oxford University Press; 1990: 102-117
34 Minden SL, Schiffer RB. Affective disorders in multiple sclerosis. Review and recommendations for clinical research. Arch Neurol 1990; 47 (1) 98-104
35 Amato MP, Goretti B, Ghezzi A , et al; Multiple Sclerosis Study Group of the Italian Neurological Society. Cognitive and psychosocial features in childhood and juvenile MS: two-year follow-up. Neurology 2010; 75 (13) 1134-1140
36 Fisk JD, Pontefract A, Ritvo PG, Archibald CJ, Murray TJ. The impact of fatigue on patients with multiple sclerosis. Can J Neurol Sci 1994; 21 (1) 9-14
37 Lobentanz IS, Asenbaum S, Vass K , et al. Factors influencing quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients: disability, depressive mood, fatigue and sleep quality. Acta Neurol Scand 2004; 110 (1) 6-13
38 Krupp LB, Alvarez LA, LaRocca NG, Scheinberg LC. Fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 1988; 45 (4) 435-437
39 Krupp LB. Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: definition, pathophysiology and treatment. CNS Drugs 2003; 17 (4) 225-234
40 Neilley LK, Goodin DS, Goodkin DE, Hauser SL. Side effect profile of interferon beta-1b in MS: results of an open label trial. Neurology 1996; 46 (2) 552-554
41 Goretti B, Ghezzi A, Portaccio E , et al; Study Group of the Italian Neurological Society. Psychosocial issue in children and adolescents with multiple sclerosis. Neurol Sci 2010; 31 (4) 467-470
42 Ketelslegers IA, Catsman-Berrevoets CE, Boon M , et al. Fatigue and depression in children with multiple sclerosis and monophasic variants. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2010; 14 (4) 320-325
43 MacAllister WS, Christodoulou C, Troxell R , et al. Fatigue and quality of life in pediatric multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2009; 15 (12) 1502-1508
44 Goretti B, Portaccio E, Ghezzi A , et al; Multiple Sclerosis Study Group of the Italian Neurological Society. Fatigue and its relationships with cognitive functioning and depression in paediatric multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2012; 18 (3) 329-334
45 ter Wolbeek M, van Doornen LJ, Kavelaars A, Heijnen CJ. Severe fatigue in adolescents: a common phenomenon?. Pediatrics 2006; 117 (6) e1078-e1086
46 Rhee H, Miles MS, Halpern CT, Holditch-Davis D. Prevalence of recurrent physical symptoms in U.S. adolescents. Pediatr Nurs 2005; 31 (4) 314-319 , 350
47 Surridge D. An investigation into some psychiatric aspects of multiple sclerosis. Br J Psychiatry 1969; 115 (524) 749-764
48 Hoare P, Mann H. Self-esteem and behavioural adjustment in children with epilepsy and children with diabetes. J Psychosom Res 1994; 38 (8) 859-869
49 Minden SL, Orav J, Reich P. Depression in multiple sclerosis. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1987; 9 (6) 426-434
50 Rabins PV, Brooks BR, O'Donnell P , et al. Structural brain correlates of emotional disorder in multiple sclerosis. Brain 1986; 109 (Pt 4) 585-597
51 Whitlock FA, Siskind MM. Depression as a major symptom of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1980; 43 (10) 861-865
52 Schiffer RB, Babigian HM. Behavioral disorders in multiple sclerosis, temporal lobe epilepsy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. An epidemiologic study. Arch Neurol 1984; 41 (10) 1067-1069
53 Siegert RJ, Abernethy DA. Depression in multiple sclerosis: a review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005; 76 (4) 469-475
54 Arnett PA, Randolph JJ. Longitudinal course of depression symptoms in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006; 77 (5) 606-610
55 Varni JW, Burwinkle TM, Szer IS. The PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale in pediatric rheumatology: reliability and validity. J Rheumatol 2004; 31 (12) 2494-2500