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Int J Sports Med 2013; 34(06): 544-553
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1321799
Training & Testing
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Variability in Muscle Adaptation to Electrical Stimulation

M. A. Minetto
1   Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and ­Metabolism, Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
2   Department of Electronics, Laboratory for Engineering of the ­Neuromuscular System, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
,
A. Botter
2   Department of Electronics, Laboratory for Engineering of the ­Neuromuscular System, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
,
O. Bottinelli
3   Department of Molecular Medicine & Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
,
D. Miotti
4   Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri (IRCCS), Scientific Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
,
R. Bottinelli
3   Department of Molecular Medicine & Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
4   Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri (IRCCS), Scientific Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
,
G. D’Antona
3   Department of Molecular Medicine & Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History



accepted after revision 08 June 2012

Publication Date:
07 January 2013 (online)

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Abstract

The aims were to investigate the plasticity of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) phenotype following neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and to assess the correlation between MHC isoform distribution and muscle fibre conduction velocity (MFCV).

14 men were subjected to 24 sessions of quadriceps NMES. Needle biopsies were taken from the dominant vastus lateralis and neuromuscular tests were performed on the dominant thigh before and after training. NMES significantly increased the quadriceps maximal force by 14.4±19.7% (P=0.02), vastus lateralis thickness by 10.7±8.6% (P=0.01), vastus lateralis MFCV by 11.1±3.5% (P<0.001), vastus medialis MFCV by 8.4±1.8% (P<0.001). The whole spectrum of possible MHC isoform adaptations to training was observed: fast-to-slow transition (4 subjects), bi-directional transformation from MHC-1 and MHC-2X isoforms toward MHC-2A isoform (7 subjects), shift toward MHC-2X (2 subjects), no MHC distribution change (1 subject). No significant correlation was observed between MHC-2 relative content and vastus lateralis MFCV (pre-training: R2=0.04, P=0.46; post-training: R2=0.02, P=0.67). NMES elicited distinct adaptations in the MHC composition and increased force, muscle thickness, and MFCV. The MHC isoform distribution did not correlate with MFCV, thus implying that the proportion of different fibre types cannot be estimated from this electrophysiological variable.

Key words

electromyography - myosin heavy chain ­distribution - muscle fibre conduction velocity - muscle thickness - neuromuscular electrical stimulation
 

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