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Int J Sports Med 2013; 34(08): 676-687
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1323782
Physiology & Biochemistry
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Moderate Exercise Training Induces ROS-Related Adaptations to Skeletal Muscles

P. M. Abruzzo
1   Department of Histology, Embryology, and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
,
F. Esposito
2   Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
,
C. Marchionni
1   Department of Histology, Embryology, and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
,
S. di Tullio
1   Department of Histology, Embryology, and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
,
S. Belia
3   Department of Cell and Environmental Biology, Section of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
,
S. Fulle
4   Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
5   Ce.S.I. – Center for Excellence on Ageing G. d’Annunzio Foundation, Chieti, Italy
6   IIM-Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
,
A. Veicsteinas
2   Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
7   Center of Sport Medicine, Don Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy
,
M. Marini
1   Department of Histology, Embryology, and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
6   IIM-Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History



accepted after revision 15 August 2012

Publication Date:
16 January 2013 (online)

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Abstract

Aim of the present work was the evaluation of the effects of moderate exercise training on 2 skeletal muscles differing in fibre-type composition, Tibialis Anterior (TA) and Soleus (SOL). Fibre adaptations, including their metabolic shift and mechanisms underlying proliferation and differentiation, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant and cytoprotective molecules, activity of Ca2+-handling molecules were examined. 6 male 2-month-old rats trained on a treadmill for 1 h/day, 3 days/week, for 14 weeks, reaching 30 m/min at the end of training. 6 age-matched sedentary rats served as controls. Rats were sacrificed 24 h after the last training session. Muscle regulatory factors increased in both muscles, activating satellite cell proliferation, which led to moderate hypertrophy in SOL and to moderate hyperplasia in TA, where the upregulation of desmin and TNFR2 expression suggests that myotube formation by proliferating myoblasts is somehow delayed. Changes leading to a more oxidative metabolism together with the upregulation of a number of antioxidant enzymes occurred in TA. HSP70i protein was upregulated in both SOL and TA, while oxidative stress markers increased in SOL alone. The status of ionic channels and pumps was preserved. We suggest that the increase in ROS, known to be associated with exercise, underlies most observed results.

Key words

moderate aerobic training - slow- and fast-twitch ­muscles - muscle plasticity - reactive oxygen species - oxidative stress and ­signalling
 

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