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DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1324821
Entzündliche Kardiomyopathie
Inflammatory CardiomyopathyPublication History
Publication Date:
16 October 2012 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Myokarditiden und entzündliche Kardiomyopathien sind erworbene Erkrankungen des Herzmuskels, die durch zahlreiche infektiöse und nicht infektiöse Ursachen ausgelöst werden können. Für die differenzialdiagnostische Abklärung der Erkrankungsursache und sich daraus ableitende spezifische Behandlungsstrategien ist eine eindeutige Diagnosesicherung notwendig. Erst die Biopsiediagnostik ermöglicht es, spezifische Erkrankungsursachen exakt zu erfassen und die Basis für neue Behandlungsstrategien mit günstiger Beeinflussung der Erkrankungsverläufe zu schaffen. Obwohl die bisherigen Studien zeigen, dass entzündlich oder viral induzierte chronische Kardiomyopathien prinzipiell von spezifischen Behandlungsansätzen profitieren, müssen die optimalen Behandlungszeitpunkte und Behandlungsbedingungen durch randomisierte Untersuchungen an größeren Patientengruppen verifiziert werden, bevor allgemein geltende Behandlungsempfehlungen gegeben werden können.
Abstract
Inflammatory cardiomyopathy is an acute or chronic heart muscle disease caused by a myocardial infiltration of immunocompetent cells following any kind of cardiac injury. Acute myocarditis is often a result of a viral infection that produces myocardial necrosis and triggers an immune response aiming at elimination of the infectious agent. Chronic myocardial injury may furthermore develop to postinfectious immune or autoimmune processes or be associated with systemic autoimmune diseases which, in the long run, are responsible for persistent or progressive ventricular dysfunction, arrhythmias and cardiac complaints. If the underlying infectious or immune-mediated causes of the disease are carefully defined by clinical and biopsy-based tools, specific immunosuppressive and antiviral treatment options, in addition to basic symptomatic therapy, may improve prognosis in a number of patients with acute and chronic inflammatory and infectious heart diseases.
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