Allgemeine Grundlagen der Tumorbiologie in der Viszeralchirurgie

Zusammenfassung

In den letzten Jahren konnten auf dem Gebiet der onkologischen Grundlagenforschung große Fortschritte erzielt werden. Insbesondere wurden die Entstehung und die charakteristischen Eigenschaften von Tumorzellen zunehmend entschlüsselt. Das Verständnis dieser molekularen Grundlagen ist entscheidend für die zukünftige Entwicklung und Etablierung neuer, zielgerichteter Therapiestrategien sowie deren Integration in den klinischen Alltag (personalisierte Medizin). Zudem spielt die Tumorgenetik insbesondere auf dem Gebiet der hereditären Krebssyndrome eine entscheidende Rolle sowohl in der Diagnostik als auch für die Therapieplanung. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist es, allgemeine Grundlagen der Tumorgenetik aus Sicht des Viszeralchirurgen aufzuzeigen und zu erläutern, auch wenn aufgrund der Komplexität der Materie eine allumfassende Zusammenstellung nicht möglich ist.

Abstract

Within the last decade, there has been a tremendous progress in understanding the molecular basis of cancer. In particular, the development and the characteristic features of cancer cells are being increasingly understood. The understanding of these molecular characteristics is mandatory for the development of novel, targeted therapeutic strategies and their integration into clinical practice. In addition, tumour genetics play a critically important role for hereditary cancer syndromes, with respect to both diagnostics and clinical decision-making. The aim of this review is to highlight general principles of tumour genetics from a visceral surgeonʼs point of view, although a comprehensive summary of all aspects would be beyond the scope of this article due to the complexity of the topic.

Schlüsselwörter

Viszeralchirurgie - Tumorbiologie - molekulare Onkologie - personalisierte Medizin - hereditäre Krebssyndrome

Key words

visceral surgery - tumour biology - molecular oncology - personalised medicine - hereditary cancer syndromes

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