Zirkulierende Tumorzellen − bereits klinische Routine oder noch Forschungsobjekt?

Zusammenfassung

Disseminierte Tumorzellen (DTZ) im Knochenmark können bei 30−40 % aller Patientinnen mit primärem Mammakarzinom entdeckt werden. Der Nachweis disseminierter Tumorzellen zum Zeitpunkt der Erstdiagnose sowie deren Persistenz unter Therapie sind ungünstige prognostische Faktoren. Die Bestimmung zirkulierender Tumorzellen (ZTZ) durch periphere Blutentnahme stellt eine methodische Vereinfachung gegenüber Knochenmarkspunktionen dar, nicht zuletzt im Sinne des Patienten. Zirkulierende Tumorzellen können, je nach Analysemethode und Stadium der Erkrankung, bei 10−80 % aller Patientinnen entdeckt werden. ZTZ sind sowohl für Patientinnen mit primärer wie auch metastasierter Brustkrebserkrankung von prognostischer Bedeutung. Durch die Charakterisierung zirkulierender Tumorzellen könnten etablierte Therapieoptionen angepasst und neue Angriffspunkte zielgerichteter Therapieformen geschaffen werden. Des Weiteren lässt sich mithilfe der ZTZ möglicherweise ein Therapieansprechen evaluieren.

Summary

The detection of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow is a common phenomenon seen in 30−40 % of primary breast cancer patients. Presence of disseminated tumor cells at time of diagnosis as well as persistent tumor cells following therapy are unfavorable prognostic factors. The evaluation of circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood might become a desired alternative to bone marrow biopsy. Circulating tumor cells are detected, depending on stage of the disease and methodology, in 10−80 % breast cancer patients. Their prognostic relevance has been demonstrated in adjuvant and metastatic setting. Detection and characterization of circulating tumor cells may become an important biomarker for therapy monitoring and specific targeting of minimal residual disease.

Schlüsselwörter

zirkulierende Tumorzellen - disseminierte Tumorzellen - minimale Tumorresterkrankung - Mammakarzinom - Prognose

Keywords

circulating tumor cells - disseminated tumor cells - minimal residual disease - breast cancer - prognosis

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