Reflecting on Use of the GRADE Process for Development of the 2013 PAD Guidelines

Abstract

This article evaluates the methodology used to develop the updated American College of Critical Care Medicine/Society of Critical Care Medicine Pain Agitation and Delirium (PAD) Guidelines in terms of (1) evaluating the role of a medical librarian in the guidelines development process; (2) summarizing the impressions of the guideline task force members on the use of Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation and anonymous voting to develop guideline questions, statements, and recommendations; and (3) analyzing the impact of this approach to developing clinical practice guidelines on interrater reliability in evaluating evidence, statements, and recommendations.

Keywords

evidence-based medicine - evidence-based nursing - critical care - outcome assessment - technology assessment

• References

• 1 Jacobi J, Fraser GL, Coursin DB , et al; Task Force of the American College of Critical Care Medicine (ACCM) of the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), American College of Chest Physicians. Clinical practice guidelines for the sustained use of sedatives and analgesics in the critically ill adult. Crit Care Med 2002; 30 (1) 119-141
• 2 Barr J, Fraser GL, Puntillo KA , et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pain, agitation, and delirium in adult patients in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 2013; 41 (1) 263-306
• 3 Schünemann HJ, Jaeschke R, Cook DJ , et al; ATS Documents Development and Implementation Committee. An official ATS statement: grading the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations in ATS guidelines and recommendations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 174 (5) 605-614
• 4 Guyatt G, Gutterman D, Baumann MH , et al. Grading strength of recommendations and quality of evidence in clinical guidelines: report from an American College of Chest Physicians task force. Chest 2006; 129 (1) 174-181
• 5 Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE , et al; GRADE Working Group. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2008; 336 (7650) 924-926
• 6 Nasraway Jr SA, Jacobi J, Murray MJ, Lumb PD. Task Force of the American College of Critical Care Medicine of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, American College of Chest Physicians. Sedation, analgesia, and neuromuscular blockade of the critically ill adult: revised clinical practice guidelines for 2002. Crit Care Med 2002; 30 (1) 117-118
• 7 Marilyn J, Field KN, Lohr E. Committee to Advise the Public Health Service on Clinical Practice Guidelines, Institute of Medicine. Clinical Practice Guidelines: Directions for a New Program. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 1990
• 8 Jaeschke R, Guyatt GH, Dellinger P , et al; GRADE Working Group. Use of GRADE grid to reach decisions on clinical practice guidelines when consensus is elusive. BMJ 2008; 337: a744
• 9 Citations added to MEDLINE by fiscal year. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/stats/cit_added.html . Accessed July 26,2012
• 10 Coverage of metadata | SciVerse. http://www.info.sciverse.com/scopus/scopus-in-detail/content-coverage-guide/metadata . Accessed July 26, 2012
• 11 McGowan J, Sampson M. Systematic reviews need systematic searchers. J Med Libr Assoc 2005; 93 (1) 74-80
• 12 Medical Library Association. Role of expert searching in health sciences libraries. J Med Libr Assoc 2005; 93 (1) 42-44
• 13 Davidoff F, Florance V. The informationist: a new health profession?. Ann Intern Med 2000; 132 (12) 996-998
• 14 Florance V, Giuse NB, Ketchell DS. Information in context: integrating information specialists into practice settings. J Med Libr Assoc 2002; 90 (1) 49-58
• 15 Klem ML, Weiss PM. Evidence-based resources and the role of librarians in developing evidence-based practice curricula. J Prof Nurs 2005; 21 (6) 380-387
• 16 Lindberg DAB, Humphreys BL. 2015—the future of medical libraries. N Engl J Med 2005; 352 (11) 1067-1070
• 17 Shipman JP, Cunningham DJ, Holst R, Watson LA. The informationist conference: report. J Med Libr Assoc 2002; 90 (4) 458-464
• 18 Wade CA, Turner HM, Rothstein HR, Lavenberg JG. Information retrieval and the role of the information specialist in producing high-quality systematic reviews in the social, behavioural and education sciences. Evidence and Policy 2006; 2: 89-108
• 19 Zeiger RF. Toward continuous medical education. J Gen Intern Med 2005; 20 (1) 91-94
• 20 Rankin JA, Grefsheim SF, Canto CC. The emerging informationist specialty: a systematic review of the literature. J Med Libr Assoc 2008; 96 (3) 194-206
• 21 Gardois P, Calabrese R, Colombi N , et al. Effectiveness of bibliographic searches performed by paediatric residents and interns assisted by librarians. A randomised controlled trial. Health Info Libr J 2011; 28 (4) 273-284
• 22 Kuller AB, Wessel CB, Ginn DS, Martin TP. Quality filtering of the clinical literature by librarians and physicians. Bull Med Libr Assoc 1993; 81 (1) 38-43
• 23 Baumann MH, Lewis SZ, Gutterman D. American College of Chest Physicians. ACCP evidence-based guideline development: a successful and transparent approach addressing conflict of interest, funding, and patient-centered recommendations. Chest 2007; 132 (3) 1015-1024
• 24 American Thoracic Society Board of Directors. American Thoracic Society guidelines packet. http://www.thoracic.org/assemblies/resources/2011-guidelines-for-ats-documents.pdf . Accessed August 30, 2012
• 25 American Thoracic Society Methodology for development of clinical practice guidelines. http://www.thoracic.org/statements/document-development/resources/methodologyforcpgdevelopment-6-15-12.pdf . Accessed August 30, 2012
• 26 Atkins D, Best D, Briss PA , et al; GRADE Working Group. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2004; 328 (7454) 1490
• 27 Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Carlet JM , et al; International Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines Committee; American Association of Critical-Care Nurses; American College of Chest Physicians; American College of Emergency Physicians; Canadian Critical Care Society; European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases; European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; European Respiratory Society; International Sepsis Forum; Japanese Association for Acute Medicine; Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine; Society of Critical Care Medicine; Society of Hospital Medicine; Surgical Infection Society; World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Crit Care Med 2008; 36 (1) 296-327
• 28 Atkins D, Briss PA, Eccles M , et al; GRADE Working Group. Systems for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations II: pilot study of a new system. BMC Health Serv Res 2005; 5 (1) 25
• 29 Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 1977; 33 (1) 159-174
• 30 Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL , et al; Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002; 288 (3) 321-333