Eye-Tracking: Anwendung in Grundlagenforschung und klinischer Praxis

Zusammenfassung

Eye-Tracking, eine nicht-invasive infrarotbasierte Videotechnik zur Aufzeichnung von Augenbewegungen, ermöglicht Einsichten in perzeptuelle Verarbeitungsprozesse und Rückschlüsse auf die Bewältigung kognitiver Aufgaben. Diese Methode findet breite Anwendung im medizinisch-wissenschaftlichen und klinischen Bereich, z. B. für ophthalmologische, neurologische, psychiatrische und neuropsychologische Fragestellungen. So zeigten z. B. Kinder, die später eine Autismus Spektrum Störung entwickelten, frühe Auffälligkeiten im Blickverhalten in kommunikativen Settings während man bei Dyslektikern abweichende Augenbewegungsmuster beim Lesen beobachtete (längere Fixationen, kleinere Sakkaden). Die Verwendung von Eye-Tracking-Systemen in Kombination mit neurophysiologischen und bildgebenden Methoden lässt einen rasch zunehmenden Erkenntnisgewinn zum besseren Verständnis kognitiver und sprachlicher Prozesse sowie der sozio-kommunikativen Entwicklung und in weiterer Folge eine vermehrte klinische Anwendbarkeit dieser Methode erwarten.

Abstract

Eye tracking is a non-invasive technique based on infrared video technology that is used to analyse eye movements. Such analyses might provide insights into perceptual and cognitive capacities. It is a method widely used in various disciplines, such as ophthalmology, neurology, psychiatry and neuropsychology for basic science, but also clinical practice. For example, recent studies on children who were later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders revealed early abnormal eye movement patterns in socio-communicative settings; children with dyslexia appeared also to have peculiar eye movement patterns, expressed in longer fixation durations and smaller saccades while reading. Current research using eye tracking systems in combination with neurophysiological and brain imaging techniques will add to a better understanding of cognitive, linguistic and socio-communicative development and in the near future possibly also lead to a broader clinical application of this method.

Schlüsselwörter

Autismus - Autismus Spektrum ­Störungen - Dyslexie - Eye-Tracking - Legasthenie

Key words

autism - autism spectrum disorders - dyslexia - eye tracking - dyslexia

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