Das „späte“ Frühgeborene

Einleitung

Aufgrund der hohen Mortalität und Morbidität sehr kleiner und extrem unreifer Frühgeborener lag der Schwerpunkt des wissenschaftlichen und auch öffentlichen Interesses lange Zeit bei diesen Kindern. Vorzeitig geborenen Kindern aus den späteren Gestationswochen wurde demgegenüber weniger Aufmerksamkeit zuteil. Sie galten als „fast reif geboren“ („Near Term Babies“) und wurden dementsprechend häufig wie Reifgeborene behandelt. Das wissenschaftliche Interesse und die klinische Aufmerksamkeit gegenüber „späten“ Frühgeborenen sind jedoch in jüngster Zeit gewachsen, da diese Patientengruppe zahlenmäßig größer und die gesundheitlichen Risiken dieser Kinder durch eine Vielzahl von Studien immer deutlicher wurden. Gewicht und Länge später Frühgeborener sind oftmals ähnlich wie bei Reifgeborenen. Mortalität und Morbidität sind jedoch bereits bei Kindern, die nur 1 oder 2 Wochen vor dem errechneten Termin geboren werden gegenüber Neugeborenen am Termin, erhöht. Dieser Trend setzt sich mit zunehmender Unreife fort. Der vorliegende Artikel soll über Risiken bei späten Frühgeborenen informieren, um eine verbesserte Betreuung dieser großen Patientengruppe zu ermöglichen.

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