Häufigkeit thromboembolischer Komplikationen bei Patienten mit Lungenkarzinom^[*]

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Thromboembolische Komplikationen bei Lungenkrebspatienten gelten als häufig, jedoch liegen nur wenige Daten über deren Inzidenz vor. Zur Klärung der Häufigkeit thromboembolischer Ereignisse im arteriellen und venösen System wurden die in unserem Hause mit einem Lungenkarzinom diagnostizierten Patienten retrospektiv bezüglich des Auftretens thromboembolischer Ereignisse ausgewertet.

Patienten/Methode: Alle Patienten mit Erstdiagnose eines Lungenkarzinoms wurden seit 1/2008 prospektiv erfasst und hier bis 12/2010 retrospektiv bezüglich thromboembolischer Komplikationen im venösen und arteriellen System ausgewertet unter Berücksichtigung von Tumorstadium, Histologie und platinhaltiger Chemotherapie. Bei den venösen thromboembolischen Komplikationen wurden Lungenarterienembolien und tiefe Venenthrombosen berücksichtigt, bei den arteriellen thromboembolischen Komplikationen Myokardinfarkt, mesenteriale Ischämie, peripher-arterielle Ischämie, Nierenarterienischämie und ischämischer Apoplex.

Ergebnisse: In den 36 Monaten wurde in unserem Zentrum bei 1940 Patienten (1209 Männer, 731 Frauen) die Erstdiagnose eines Lungenkarzinoms gestellt, 156 kleinzellige Lungenkarzinome (SCLC; 8 %) und 1784 nichtkleinzellige Lungenkarzinome (NSCLC; 92 %). Insgesamt traten bisher bei 190/1940 Patienten (9,8 %) thromboembolische Komplikationen auf; bei 148/190 (78 %) venöse und bei 51/190 (27 %) arterielle thromboembolische Komplikationen. Wir dokumentierten 82/148 (55 %) tiefe Venenthrombosen, 98/148 (66 %) Lungenarterienembolien sowie arterielle thromboembolische Ereignisse: ischämischer Apoplex 23/51 (45 %), Koronararterien 14/51 (28 %), Extremitätenarterien 12/51 (24 %), Mesenterialarterien 4/51 (7,8 %), extrakranielle hirnversorgende Arterien 3/51 (5,9 %).

Diskussion/Schlussfolgerungen: Thromboembolische Ereignisse sind eine häufige Komplikation bei Patienten mit Lungenkarzinom. Auf dem Boden dieser Ergebnisse sollte der Stellenwert einer entsprechenden Primärprophylaxe erneut diskutiert werden.

Abstract

Background: Clinicians are frequently confronted by thromboembolic events in patients with lung cancer, yet few data are available about their incidence. In order to obtain data on the frequency of thromboembolic events in the venous and arterial systems, all patients with lung cancer diagnosed in our hospital were retrospectively evaluated with regard to such an event.

Patients/Methods: All patients with a primary diagnosis of lung cancer between January 2008 and December 2010 were prospectively recorded within our tumour registry and retrospectively evaluated with regard to tumour stage, histology and platinum-based chemotherapy. Thromboembolic complications of the arterial and the venous system were included (pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, myocardial infarction, mesenterial ischaemia, acute limb ischaemia, ischaemia of the renal artery and ischaemic stroke).

Results: Within those 36 months 1940 patients (1209 men, 731 women) were diagnosed with lung cancer. SCLC and NSCLC in 156 (8 %) and 1784 cases (92 %), respectively. Thromboembolic events were documented in 190/1940 (9.8 %) cases, venous thromboembolic complications in 148/190 patients (78 %), arterial thromboembolic complications in 51/190 patients (27 %). We documented 82/148 (55 %) deep venous thrombosis, 98/148 (66 %) pulmonary embolisms and arterial thromboembolic events: ischaemic stroke 23/51 (45 %), coronary arteries 14/51 (28 %), peripheral arteries 12/51 (24 %), mesenterial arteries 4/51 (7.8 %), extracranial cerebral arteries 3/51 (5.9 %).

Conclusions: Thromboembolic complications are a common event in patients with lung cancer. Thus, the benefit of primary prevention anticoagulation in lung cancer patients should be prospectively evaluated.

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