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DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1357171
Vorkommen von Weichmachern (Phthalaten) in Gemeinschaftseinrichtungen unter besonderer Bedeutung der Ergebnisse von LUPE 3
The Occurrence of Plasticisers (Phthalates) in Communal Facilities under Special Consideration of Results from LUPE 3Publication History
Publication Date:
28 October 2013 (online)
Zusammenfassung
In 2011/12 wurden im Rahmen eines Länderuntersuchungsprogrammes (LUPE 3) der Hausstaub und die Innenraumluft in 63 Kindertagesstätten auf deren Phthalatgehalte untersucht. In der Raumluft wurde die einatembare Fraktion auf einem Glasfaserfilter und die gasförmig vorliegenden Phthalate auf einem nachgeschalteten Polyurethanschaum über ca. 6 Stunden unter Nutzungsbedingungen gesammelt. Am Ende des Kindergartentages wurde der Bodenstaub mittels eines Probenahmekopfes mit Glasfaserfilter, der auf einen handelsüblichen Staubsauger aufgesteckt werden konnte, abgesaugt. Die Analytik der Staub- und Luftproben erfolgte nach Extraktion mittels GC/MS. Die medianen Gehalte im Hausstaub lagen bei 888 mg/kg (Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalat, DEHP), 302 mg/kg (Di-iso-nonylphthalat, DiNP), 34 mg/kg (Di-iso-decylphthalat, DiDP), 21 mg/kg (Di-n-butylphthalat, DnBP) und 20 mg/kg (Di-isobutylphthalat, DiBP). Für DEHP und DiNP wurden Maximalgehalte von 10 086 mg/kg bzw. 7 091 mg/kg beobachtet. Der größte Anteil der Phthalate in der Luft lag partikelgebunden vor. Lediglich die flüchtigeren Phthalate Dimethylphthalat und Diethylphthalat lagen in relevantem Anteil gasförmig vor. Die Mediane in der Raumluft lagen bei 470 ng/m³ (DiBP), 230 ng/m³ (DnBP), 190 ng/m³ (DEHP) und 100 ng/m³ (DiNP). DiBP und DnBP sind für 55% der Gesamtgehalte in der Innenraumluft verantwortlich. Im Hausstaub dominierte das DEHP die Gesamtgehalte mit 70% gefolgt vom DiNP mit 24%. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Phthalatgehalte in Gemeinschaftseinrichtungen über einen weiten Bereich schwanken können.
Abstract
Children are a very susceptible subgroup of the general population and therefore health authorities have a special interest to prevent them from health hazards. In a study of 3 German Bundesländer the indoor air and dust samples of altogether 63 German daycare centres were analysed for the presence of phthalate diesters in 2011/12 (LUPE 3 study). Inhalable dust and gas phases were collected with a glass fibre filter and polyurethane foam over approximately 6 h while children were attending these facilities. Settled dust was collected by vacuuming the floor of the room using an ALK dust sampler. Indoor air and dust were analysed using a GC/MS system. Median values in the dust samples were 888 mg/kg for di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), 302 mg/kg for diisononyl phthalate (DiNP), 34 mg/kg for diisodecyl phthalate (DiDP), 21 mg/kg for di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), and 20 mg/kg for diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP). For DEHP and DiNP maximum values of 10 086 mg/kg and 7 091 mg/kg were observed, respectively. DEHP and DiNP were responsible for 70% and 24% of the total phthalate concentration in the dust. In indoor air phthalates are found mainly in the particulate phase of the filters. Only the more volatile phthalates dimethyl phthalate and diethyl phthalate were found also in the gas phase. The median values in the indoor air were 470 ng/m³ for DiBP, 230 ng/m³ for DnBP, 190 ng/m³ for DEHP, and 100 ng/m³ for DiNP. DnBP and DiBP were together responsible for 55% of the total phthalate concentration in the indoor air. Overall, our study showed that the concentrations of phthalates in indoor air of daycare centers are slightly higher and in dust samples lower compared with schools.
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