RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1358191
Reproduktive Faktoren und Ovarialkarzinomrisiko – ein Update
Publikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
27. Oktober 2015 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/frauenheilkunde-u2d/201505/lookinside/thumbnails/10-1055-s-0033-1358191_fr_291_forum-1.jpg)
Das Ovarialkarzinom ist potenziell ein endokrin abhängiger Tumor. Trotz intensiver wissenschaftlicher Bemühungen während der letzten Jahrzehnte wird die Ätiologie und Pathogenese dieser Tumorentität nur teilweise verstanden. Zahlreiche Kohorten- und Fall-Kontroll-Studien untersuchten den Zusammenhang zwischen reproduktiven Faktoren und dem Risiko für ein Ovarialkarzinom. Nur in wenigen Fällen konnten jedoch eindeutige Schlüsse gezogen werden. Eine kurze Lebensspanne mit menstruellen Zyklen, Parität und Laktation wirken protektiv. Infertilität scheint das Risiko für ein Ovarialkarzinom zu erhöhen, wobei sicherlich die Ursache für Infertilität in künftige Untersuchungen mit einbezogen werden sollten. Endometriose ist eine Ursache für Infertilität. Zahlreiche Arbeiten der letzten Jahre haben ein erhöhtes Ovarialkarzinomrisiko für Patientinnen mit Endometriose zeigen können. Es existieren einige Erklärungsmodelle für den Zusammenhang zwischen reproduktiven Faktoren und der Entstehung einer Ovarialkarzinoms. Keine von ihnen kann jedoch eine vollständige Erklärung liefern.
-
Literatur
- 1 Siegel R L, Miller K D, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin 2015; 65: 5-29
- 2 Kurman RJ, Shih IM. Molecular pathogenesis and extraovarian origin of epithelial ovarian cancer – shifting the paradigm. Hum Pathol 2011; 42: 918-931
- 3 Fathalla MF. Incessant ovulation – a factor in ovarian neoplasia?. Lancet 1971; 2: 163
- 4 Schildkraut JM, Bastos E, Berchuck A. Relationship between lifetime ovulatory cycles and overexpression of mutant p 53 in epithelial ovarian cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1997; 89: 932-938
- 5 Yang-Hartwich Y, Gurrea-Soteras M, Sumi N et al. Ovulation and extra-ovarian origin of ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 6116
- 6 Kuhn E, Kurman RJ, Shih IM. Ovarian cancer is an imported disease: Fact or fiction?. Curr Obstet Gynecol Rep 2012; 1: 1-9
- 7 Przybycin CG et al. Are all pelvic (nonuterine) serous carcinomas of tubal origin?. Am J Surg Pathol 2010; 34: 1407-1416
- 8 Kuhn E et al. TP53 mutations in serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma and concurrent pelvic high-grade serous carcinoma – evidence supporting the clonal relationship of the two lesions. J Pathol 2012; 226: 421-426
- 9 Marquez RT et al. Patterns of gene expression in different histotypes of epithelial ovarian cancer correlate with those in normal fallopian tube, endometrium, and colon. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11: 6116-6126
- 10 Murdoch WJ, Martinchick JF. Oxidative damage to DNA of ovarian surface epithelial cells affected by ovulation: carcinogenic implication and chemoprevention. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2004; 229: 546-552
- 11 Lessard-Anderson CR et al. Effect of tubal sterilization technique on risk of serous epithelial ovarian and primary peritoneal carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2014; 135: 423-427
- 12 Falconer H et al. Ovarian cancer risk after salpingectomy: a nationwide population-based study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107
- 13 Rice MS, Hankinson SE, Tworoger SS. Tubal ligation, hysterectomy, unilateral oophorectomy, and risk of ovarian cancer in the Nurses Health Studies. Fertil Steril 2014; 102: 192-198 e193
- 14 Cramer DW, Welch WR. Determinants of ovarian cancer risk. II. Inferences regarding pathogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst 1983; 71: 717-721
- 15 Zhang Z et al. Reactive oxygen species regulate FSH-induced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor via Nrf2 and HIF1alpha signaling in human epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Rep 2013; 29: 1429-1434
- 16 Risch HA. Hormonal etiology of epithelial ovarian cancer, with a hypothesis concerning the role of androgens and progesterone. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90: 1774-1786
- 17 Silva EG et al. The induction of benign epithelial neoplasms of the ovaries of guinea pigs by testosterone stimulation: a potential animal model. Mod Pathol 1997; 10: 879-883
- 18 Nishizuka Y et al. Steroid biosynthesis in vitro by dysgenetic ovaries induced by neonatal thymectomy in mice. Endocrinology 1973; 93: 786-792
- 19 Helzlsouer KJ et al. Serum gonadotropins and steroid hormones and the development of ovarian cancer. J Am Med Assoc 1995; 274: 1926-1930
- 20 Wynder EL, Dodo H, Barber HR. Epidemiology of cancer of the ovary. Cancer 1969; 23: 352-370
- 21 Sonnichsen AC et al. [Obesity, body fat distribution and the incidence of breast, cervical, endometrial and ovarian carcinomas]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1990; 115: 1906-1910
- 22 Collaborative Group on Epidemiological Studies of Ovarian Cancer. Ovarian cancer and body size: individual participant meta-analysis including 25, 157 women with ovarian cancer from 47 epidemiological studies. PLoS Med 2012; 9: e1001200
- 23 Schock H et al. Early pregnancy sex steroids and maternal risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21: 831-844
- 24 Ose J et al. Endogenous androgens and risk of epithelial invasive ovarian cancer by tumor characteristics in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Int J Cancer 2015; 136: 399-410
- 25 Tsilidis KK et al. Oral contraceptive use and reproductive factors and risk of ovarian cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Br J Cancer 2011; 105: 1436-1442
- 26 Li K et al. An epidemiologic risk prediction model for ovarian cancer in Europe: the EPIC study. Br J Cancer 2015; 112: 1257-1265
- 27 Gong TT et al. Age at menarche and risk of ovarian cancer: A meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Int J Cancer 2013; 132: 2894-2900
- 28 Whittemore AS, Harris R, Itnyre J. Characteristics relating to ovarian cancer risk: collaborative analysis of 12 US case-control studies. II. Invasive epithelial ovarian cancers in white women. Collaborative Ovarian Cancer Group. Am J Epidemiol 1992; 136: 1184-1203
- 29 Jordan SJ et al. Breastfeeding and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2010; 21: 109-116
- 30 Li DP et al. Breastfeeding and ovarian cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 40 epidemiological studies. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prevent 2014; 15: 4829-4837
- 31 Luan NN et al. Breastfeeding and ovarian cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98: 1020-1031
- 32 Feng LP, Chen HL, Shen MY. Breastfeeding and the risk of ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis. J Midwifery Womens Health 2014; 59: 428-437
- 33 Su D et al. Ovarian cancer risk is reduced by prolonged lactation: a case-control study in southern China. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 97: 354-359
- 34 Gates MA et al. Risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer by histologic subtype. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 171: 45-53
- 35 Tung KH et al. Reproductive factors and epithelial ovarian cancer risk by histologic type: a multiethnic case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 2003; 158: 629-638
- 36 Titus-Ernstoff L et al. Menstrual and reproductive factors in relation to ovarian cancer risk. Br J Cancer 2001; 84: 714-721
- 37 Purdie DM et al. Reproduction-related risk factors for mucinous and nonmucinous epithelial ovarian cancer. Am J Epidemiol 2001; 153: 860-864
- 38 McNeilly AS. Lactational control of reproduction. Reprod Fertil Dev 2001; 13: 583-590
- 39 Riman T et al. Risk factors for invasive epithelial ovarian cancer: results from a Swedish case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 2002; 156: 363-373
- 40 Hognas E et al. Cancer risk in women with 10 or more deliveries. Obstet Gynecol 2014; 123: 811-816
- 41 Merrill RM et al. Cancer risk associated with early and late maternal age at first birth. Gynecol Oncol 2005; 96: 583-593
- 42 Soegaard M et al. Different risk factor profiles for mucinous and nonmucinous ovarian cancer: results from the Danish MALOVA study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007; 16: 1160-1166
- 43 Risch HA et al. Differences in risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer by histologic type. Results of a case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 1996; 144: 363-372
- 44 Kvale G et al. Reproductive factors and risk of ovarian cancer: a prospective study. Int J Cancer 1988; 42: 246-251
- 45 Braem MG et al. Reproductive and hormonal factors in association with ovarian cancer in the Netherlands cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 172: 1181-1189
- 46 Whiteman DC et al. Multiple births and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000; 92: 1172-1177
- 47 Kurian A W et al. Histologic types of epithelial ovarian cancer: have they different risk factors?. Gynecol Oncol 2005; 96: 520-530
- 48 Fortner RT, Ose J, Merritt MA et al. Reproductive and hormone-related risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer by histologic pathways, invasiveness and histologic subtypes: Results from the EPIC cohort. Int J Cancer 2015; DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29471.
- 49 Merritt MA et al. Reproductive characteristics in relation to ovarian cancer risk by histologic pathways. Hum Reprod 2013; 28: 1406-1417
- 50 Brinton LA et al. Cancer risk after evaluation for infertility. Am J Epidemiol 1989; 129: 712-722
- 51 Rodriguez C et al. Infertility and risk of fatal ovarian cancer in a prospective cohort of US women. Cancer Causes Control 1998; 9: 645-651
- 52 Ness RB et al. Infertility, fertility drugs, and ovarian cancer: a pooled analysis of case-control studies. Am J Epidemiol 2002; 155: 217-224
- 53 Rossing MA et al. A case-control study of ovarian cancer in relation to infertility and the use of ovulation-inducing drugs. Am J Epidemiol 2004; 160: 1070-1078
- 54 Jensen A et al. Risk of breast cancer and gynecologic cancers in a large population of nearly 50, 000 infertile Danish women. Am J Epidemiol 2008; 168: 49-57
- 55 Venn A et al. Risk of cancer after use of fertility drugs with in-vitro fertilisation. Lancet 1999; 354: 1586-1590
- 56 Stewart LM et al. In vitro fertilization, endometriosis, nulliparity and ovarian cancer risk. Gynecol Oncol 2013; 128: 260-264
- 57 Buis CC et al. Increased risk for ovarian cancer and borderline ovarian tumours in subfertile women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2013; 28: 3358-3369
- 58 Kok VC et al. The risks for ovarian, endometrial, breast, colorectal, and other cancers in women with newly diagnosed endometriosis or adenomyosis: A population-based study. Int J Gynaec Cancer 2015; 25: 968-976
- 59 Chang WH et al. Endometriosis and the subsequent risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Taiwanese J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 53: 530-535
- 60 Pearce CL et al. Association between endometriosis and risk of histological subtypes of ovarian cancer: a pooled analysis of case-control studies. Lancet Oncol 2012; 13: 385-394
- 61 Wang KC et al. An increased risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in Taiwanese women with a new surgico-pathological diagnosis of endometriosis. BMC Cancer 2014; 14: 831
- 62 Gadducci A, Lanfredini N, Tana R. Novel insights on the malignant transformation of endometriosis into ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Endocrinol 2014; 30: 612-617
- 63 Anglesio MS et al. Multifocal endometriotic lesions associated with cancer are clonal and carry a high mutation burden. J Pathol 2015; 236: 201-209
- 64 Ren F et al. Identification of differentially methylated genes in the malignant transformation of ovarian endometriosis. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7: 73
- 65 Suryawanshi S et al. Plasma microRNAs as novel biomarkers for endometriosis and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19: 1213-1224
- 66 Dong M, Yang P, Hua F. MiR-191 modulates malignant transformation of endometriosis through regulating TIMP3. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21: 915-920
- 67 Suryawanshi S et al. Complement pathway is frequently altered in endometriosis and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20: 6163-6174
- 68 Gottschau M et al. Risk of cancer among women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a Danish cohort study. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 136: 99-103
- 69 Shen CC et al. A nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study of the risk of uterine, ovarian and breast cancer in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The Oncologist 2015; 20: 45-49
- 70 Barry JA, Azizia MM, Hardiman PJ. Risk of endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2014; 20: 748-758
- 71 Pierpoint T et al. Mortality of women with polycystic ovary syndrome at long-term follow-up. J Clin Epidemiol 1998; 51: 581-586
- 72 Olsen C M et al. Epithelial ovarian cancer: testing the ʼandrogens hypothesis . Endocr Relat Cancer 2008; 15: 1061-1068
- 73 Brinton LA et al. Cancer risk among infertile women with androgen excess or menstrual disorders [including polycystic ovary syndrome]. Fertil Steril 2010; 94: 1787-1792
- 74 Schildkraut JM et al. Epithelial ovarian cancer risk among women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Obstet Gynecol 1996; 88: 554-559
- 75 Chittenden BG et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome and the risk of gynaecological cancer: a systematic review. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 19: 398-405
- 76 Rebar R et al. Characterization of the inappropriate gonadotropin secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Invest 1976; 57: 1320-1329
- 77 Baird DT et al. Pituitary-ovarian relationships in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1977; 45: 798-801