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DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1360184
iPads in Breast Imaging – A Phantom Study
iPads in der Brustbildgebung – eine PhantomstudiePublication History
received 26 September 2013
revised 29 November 2013
accepted 02 December 2013
Publication Date:
04 March 2014 (online)
Abstract
Introduction: Modern tablet PCs as the iPad are becoming more and more integrated into
medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the display quality of iPads regarding digital
mammography.
Materials and Methods: Three experienced readers compared the
display quality of the iPad 2 and 3 with a dedicated 10 megapixel (MP) mammography liquid
crystal display (LCD) screen in consensus using the standardized Contrast Detail Mammography
(CDMAM) phantom. Phantom fields without agreement between the readers were classified as
“uncertain”, correct 2 : 1 decisions were classified as “uncertain/readable”. In a second step
display quality of the three reading devices was judged subjectively in a side by side
comparison.
Results: The 10 MP screen was superior to both iPads in 4
(phantom-)fields and inferior in 2 fields. Comparing the iPads, version 3 was superior in 4
fields and version 2 was superior in 1 field. However these differences were not significant.
Total number of “uncertain” fields did not show significant differences. The number of
“uncertain” fields was 15 with the 10 MP screen, 16 with the iPad 2 and 17 with the iPad 3
(p > 0.05), the number of “uncertain/readable” fields was 4, 7 and 8, respectively.
Subjective image quality of the iPad 3 and the 10 MP screen was rated superior to the iPad
2.
Conclusion: The evaluated iPads, especially in version 3, seem to be
adequate to display mammograms in a diagnostic quality and thus could be useful e.g. for patient
consultation, clinical demonstration or educational and teaching purposes. However primary
mammogram reading should still be performed on dedicated large sized reading screens.
Zusammenfassung
Einleitung: Moderne Tablet PCs wie das iPad finden zunehmend Einzug in die Medizin. Ziel
dieser Arbeit war es, die Bildschirmqualität von iPads bezüglich ihrer Eignung zur Darstellung
von Mammografien zu evaluieren.
Material und Methodik: Drei erfahrene Befunder
verglichen im Konsens die Bildschirmqualität des iPad 2 und des iPad 3 mit einem
10-Megapixel(MP-)Mammografie-Flüssigkristallbildschirm anhand des standardisierten
Contrast-Detail-Mammography-(CDMAM-)Phantoms. Felder ohne Übereinstimmung der Befunder wurden
als „unsicher“, korrekte 2 : 1-Entscheidungen als „unsicher/befundbar“ klassifiziert. In einem
weiteren Schritt wurde die subjektive Bildschirmqualität der 3 Geräte
bewertet.
Ergebnisse: Der 10-MP-Bildschirm war beiden iPads in 4
(Phantom-)Feldern überlegen und in 2 Feldern unterlegen. Im Vergleich der beiden iPads
untereinander war die Version 3 bei 4 Feldern und Version 2 bei einem Feld überlegen. Diese
Unterschiede waren nicht signifikant. Die Anzahl unsicherer Felder betrug 15 beim
10-MP-Bildschirm, 16 beim iPad 2 und 17 beim iPad 3 (p > 0,05), die Anzahl der
unsicher/befundbaren Felder betrug hierbei 4, 7 bzw. 8. Die subjektive Bildschirmqualität des
iPad 3 und des 10-MP-Bildschirms wurde besser bewertet als die des iPad
2.
Schlussfolgerung: Die evaluierten iPads, insbesondere in der Geräteversion
3, erscheinen für die hochaufgelöste Darstellung von Mammografien, z. B. für
Patientenkonsultationen, klinische Demonstrationen oder Ausbildungs- und Lehrzwecke technisch
geeignet. Die primäre Befundung von Mammografien sollte nach Meinung der Autoren jedoch
unbedingt mit dedizierten Mammografie-Befundungsmonitoren erfolgen.
* Both authors contributed equally to this work.
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