Download PDF
Planta Med 2014; 80(05): 354-377
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1360335
Reviews
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

African Medicinal Plants with Antidiabetic Potentials: A Review

Aminu Mohammed
1   Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
2   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
,
Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim
1   Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
2   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
,
Md. Shahidul Islam
1   Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received 22 August 2013
revised 31 December 2013

accepted 01 January 2014

Publication Date:
17 February 2014 (online)

Also available at
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is one of the major health problems in Africa. The conventional oral synthetic antidiabetic drugs available to manage the disease are costly and not readily affordable to the majority of the affected population. Interestingly, the continent is endowed with a tremendous number of medicinal plants that have been explored for their folkloric treatment of diabetes mellitus. Scientific investigations have validated the antidiabetic potentials of a number of these medicinal plants but there is no repository with information on these scientifically investigated plants as a guide for future research. In this review article, all of the in vivo antidiabetic studies conducted between January 2000 and July 2013 on African plants are systematically compiled with a closer look at some relevant plants from the continentʼs subregions. Plants of the Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families are the most investigated, and West Africa has the highest number of investigated plants. Although promising results were reported in many cases, unfortunately, only a few studies reported the partial characterization of bioactive principles and/or mechanisms of action. It is hoped that government agencies, pharmaceutical industries, and the scientific community will have a look at some of these plants for future research and, if possible, subsequent commercialization.

Key words

Africa - antidiabetic effects - diabetes mellitus - medicinal plants - North Africa - East Africa - West Africa - Central Africa - Southern Africa
 

  • Reference

  • 1 Neelesh M, Sanjay J, Sapna M. Antidiabetic potential of medicinal plants. Acta Pol Pharm 2010; 67: 113-118
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Maritim AC, Sander RA, Watkins JB. Diabetes, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: a review. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2003; 17: 24-38
    Google Scholar
  • 3 Whiting DR, Guariguata L, Weil C, Shaw J. IDF diabetes atlas: global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030. Diabet Res Clin Pract 2011; 94: 311-321
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 International Diabetes Federation (Brussels). Diabetes at a glance, 2012, Africa (AFR). Available at https://www.idf.org/sites/default/files/IDF_AFR_5E_Update_FactSheet_0.pdf Accessed February 13, 2013.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Michael PK, Asim AB, Robert SB. The utility of oral diabetes medications in type 2 diabetes of the young. Curr Diabet Rev 2005; l: 83-92
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Cragg GM, Newman DJ. Natural products: a continuing source of novel drug leads. Biochim Biophys Acta 2013; 1830: 3670-3695
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Zhang X. Legal status of traditional medicines and complementary/alternative medicine. A worldwide review. World Health Organ Tech Rep Sep 2001; 2: 5-41
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Zhang BB, Moller DE. New approaches in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2000; 4: 461-467
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Calixto JB. Efficacy, safety, quality control, marketing and regulatory guidelines for herbal medicines (phytotherapeutic agents). Braz J Med Biol Res 2000; 33: 179-189
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Van Wyk BE, deWetb H, Van Heerden FR. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in the south-eastern Karoo, South Africa. S Afr J Bot 2008; 74: 696-704
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Adebayo AG. Inventory of antidiabetic plants in selected districts of Lagos State, Nigeria. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 121: 135-139
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Nʼguessa K, Kouassi K, Kouadio K. Ethnobotanical study of plants used to treat diabetes, in traditional medicine, by Abbey and Krobou people of Agboville (Côte-dʼIvoire). Am J Sci Res 2009; 4: 45-58
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Keter LK, Mutiso PC. Ethnobotanical studies of medicinal plants used by traditional health practitioners in the management of diabetes in lower eastern province, Kenya. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 139: 74-80
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Moshi MJ, Mbwambo ZH. Experience of Tanzanian traditional healers in the management of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Pharm Biol 2002; 40: 552-560
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Rutebemberwa E, Lubega M, Katureebe SK, Oundo A, Kiweewa F, Mukanga D. Use of traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes in Eastern Uganda: a qualitative exploration of reasons for choice. BMC Int Health Hum Rights 2013; 13: 2-7
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Rachid A, Rabah D, Farid L, Zohra SF, Houcine B, Nacéra B. Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants used in the traditional treatment of diabetes mellitus in the North Western and South Western Algeria. J Med Plants Res 2012; 6: 2041-2050
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Bnouham M, Mekhfi H, Legssyer A, Ziyyat A. Ethnopharmacology forum medicinal plants used in the treatment of diabetes in Morocco. Int J Diabet Metab 2002; 10: 33-50
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Eddouks M, Maghrani M, Lemhadri A, Ouahidi ML, Jouad H. Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiac diseases in the south-east region of Morocco (Tafilalet). J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 82: 97-103
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Afolayan AJ, Sunmonu TO. In vivo Studies on Antidiabetic Plants Used in South African Herbal Medicine. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2010; 47: 98-106
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Mahop TM, Mayet M. Enroute to biopiracy? Ethnobotanical research on antidiabetic medicinal plants in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Afr J Biotechnol 2007; 6: 2945-2952
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Din N, Dibong SD, Mpondo E, Priso RJ, Kwin NF, Ngoye A. Inventory and identification of plants used in the treatment of diabetes in Douala Town (Cameroon). Eur J Med Plants 2011; 1: 60-73
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Olatunji LA, Okwusidi JI, Soladoye AO. Antidiabetic effect of Anacardium occidentale stem-bark in fructose-diabetic rats. Pharm Biol 2005; 43: 589-593
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Abdullahi S, Olatunji GA. Antidiabetic activity of Anacardium occidentale in alloxan – diabetic rats. J Sci Technol 2010; 30: 35-41
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Fagbohun TR, Odufunwa KT. Hypoglycemic effect of methanolic extract of Anacardium occidentale leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Niger J Physiol Sci 2010; 25: 87-90
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Ukwenya VO, Ashaolu JO, Adeyemi DO, Akinola OB, Caxton-Martins EA. Antihyperglycemic activities of methanolic leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale (Linn.) on the pancreas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Cell Anim Biol 2012; 6: 207-212
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Koffour GA, Amoatengor P, Okai CA, Fiagbe NIY. Hypoglycemic effects of whole and fractionated Azadirachta indica (Neem) seed oils on alloxan-induced diabetes in New Zealand white rabbits. J Ghana Sci Assoc 2011; 13: 34-39
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Henry DA, Itemobong SE, Itoro FU, Patrick EE, Isong NB. Effect of aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaves on some indices of pancreatic function in alloxan-induced diabetic Wister rats. Pharmacologia 2012; 3: 420-425
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Akinola OB, Zatta L, Dosumu OO, Akinola OS, Adelaja AA, Dini L, Caxton-Martins EA. Intestinal lesions of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and the effects of Azadirachta indica treatment. Pharmacology 2009; 3: 872-881
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Akinola OB, Caxton-Martins EA, Dini L. Chronic treatment with ethanolic extract of the leaves of Azadirachta indica ameliorates lesions of pancreatic islets in streptozotocin diabetes. Int J Morphol 2010; 28: 291-302
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Akinola OB, Zatta L, Dosumu OO, Akinola OS, Dini L, Caxton-Martins EA. Ameliorative effects of ethanolic leaves extract of Azadirachta indica on renal histologic alterations streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Am J Chin Med 2011; 39: 903-916
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Itemobong SE, Item JA, Henry DA, Itoro FU, Oboso EE, Patrick EE. Effects of ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica leaves on some immunological and haematological parameters of diabetic Wistar rats. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 4: 104-108
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Nwanjo HU, Okafor MC, Oze GO. Anti-lipid peroxidative activity of Gongronema latifolium in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Niger J Physiol Sci 2006; 21: 61-65
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Johnkennedy N, Adamma E, Augustin I, Ifeoma UH. Influence of Gongronema latifolium on some biochemical parameters in alloxan induced diabetes. Int J Anal Pharm Biomed Sci 2012; 1: 13-17
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Ibegbulem CO, Chikezie PC. Hypoglycemic properties of ethanolic extracts of Gongronema latifolium, Aloe perryi, Viscum album and Allium sativum administered to alloxan induced diabetic albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). J Biol Chem Res 2012; 29: 16-25
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Francis VU, Grace AE, Jones OA, Frank EE. Hypoglycemic effect of Gongronema latifolium extracts in rats. J Nat Sci Res 2013; 3: 37-44
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Akah PA, Uzodinma SU, Okolo CE. Antidiabetic activity of aqueous and methanol extract and fractions of Gongronema latifolium (Asclepidaceae) leaves in alloxan diabetic rats. J Appl Pharm Sci 2011; 1: 99-102
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Edet EE, Akpanabiatu MI, Eno AE, Umoh IB, Itam EH. Effect of Gongronema latifolium crude leaf extract on some cardiac enzymes of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Afr J Biochem Res 2009; 3: 366-369
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Adebajo AC, Ayoola MD, Odediran SA, Aladesanmi AJ, Schmidt TJ, Verspohl EJ. Evaluation of ethnomedical claim III: anti-hyperglycaemic activities of Gongronema latifolium root and stem. J Diabet 2013; 5: 336-343
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Orok UE, Eneji EG, Luke OU, Eyo RA, Sampson EV, Iwara IA, Oko OM. Effect of ethanolic root and twig extracts of Gongronema latifolium (utazi) on kidney function of streptozotocin induced hyperglycemic and normal Wistar rats. J Med Med Sci 2012; 3: 291-296
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Sini JM, Umar IA, Inuwa HM. The beneficial effect of extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces in alloxan-diabetic rats: Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic activities. J Med Plants Res 2011; 5: 2182-2186
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Sini JM, Umar IA, Inuwa HM. The beneficial effect of extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces in alloxan-diabetic rats: Reduction of free radical load and enhancement of antioxidant status. J Pharmacogn Phytother 2011; 3: 141-149
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Adedayo OA, Ganiyu O. Aqueous extracts of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) varieties inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities in vitro . J Med Food 2013; 16: 88-93
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Tanko Y, Abdelaziz MM, Adelaiye AB, Fatihu MY, Musa KY. Effects of hydromethanolic leaves extract of Indigofera pulchra on blood glucose levels of normoglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Int J Appl Res Nat Prod 2009; 1: 13-18
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Tanko Y, Hayatu Z, Mohammed A, Goji ADT, Musa KY, Yerima M. Effect of Residual Aqueous Portion of Hydro-methanolic Leaves Extract of Indigofera pulchra on blood glucose Levels of alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Int J Anim Vet Adv 2009; 1: 18-21
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 45 Tanko Y, Abdelaziz MM, Adelaiye AB, Fatihu MY, Musa KY. Effects of ethyl acetate portion of Indigofera pulchra leaves extract on blood glucose levels of alloxan-induced diabetic and normoglycemic Wistar rats. Asian J Med Sci 2009; 1: 10-14
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 46 Tanko Y, Mabrouk MA, Adelaiye AB, Fatihu MY, Musa KY. Anti-diabetic and some haematological effects of ethylacetate and n-butanol fractions of Indigofera pulchra extract on alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. J Diabet Endocrinol 2011; 2: 1-7
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 47 Gidado A, Ameh DA, Atawodi SE. Effect of Nauclea latifolia leaves aqueous extracts on blood glucose levels of normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Afr J Biotechnol 2005; 4: 91-93
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 48 Gidado A, Ameh DA, Atawodi SE, Ibrahim S. Hypoglycaemic activity of Nauclea latifolia SM. (Rubiaceae) in experimental animals. Afr J Tradit Complement Alternat Med 2008; 5: 201-208
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 49 Gidado A, Ameh DA, Atawodi SE, Ibrahim S. A preliminary study of the mechanism of hypoglycaemic activity of Nauclea latifolia leaf ethanolic extract. J Complement Integr Med 2012; DOI: 10.1515/1553-3840.1561.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 50 Yessoufou A, Gbenou J, Grissa O, Hitchami A, Simonin A, Tabka Z, Moudachirou M, Mountairou K, Khan N. Anti-hyperglycemic effects of three medicinal plants in diabetic pregnancy: modulation of T cell proliferation. BMC Complement Alternat Med 2013; 13: 77
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 51 Grace SE, Bob IAM, Godwin OI, Justin IA, Eyong UE, Patrick EE. Antioxidant enzymes activity and hormonal changes following administration of ethanolic leaves extracts of Nauclea latifolia and Gongronema latifolium in streptozotocin induced-diabetic rats. Eur J Med Plants 2013; 3: 297-309
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 52 Seung-Joo-Lee KU, Takayuki S, Kwang-Guen L. Identification of volatile components in basil (Ocimum basilicum) and thyme leaves (Thymus vulgaris) and their antioxidant properties. Food Chem 2004; 91: 131-137
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 53 Aguiyi JC, Obi CI, Gang SS, Igweh AC. Hypoglycaemicactivity of Ocimum gratissimum in rats. Fitoterapia 2000; 71: 444-446
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 54 Onaolapo AY, Onaolapo OJ, Adewole SA. Ethanolic extract of Ocimum grattissimum leaves (Linn.) rapidly lowers blood glucose levels in diabetic Wistar rats. Macedonia J Med Sci 2011; 4: 351-357
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 55 Egesie UG, Adelaiye AB, Ibu JO, Egesie OJ. Safety and hypoglycaemic properties of aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Niger J Physiol Sci 2006; 21: 31-35
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 56 Mohammed A, Tanko Y, Okasha MA, Magaji RA, Yaro AH. Effects of aqueous leaves extract of Ocimum gratissimum on blood glucose levels of streptozocin-induced diabetic Wister rats. Afr J Biotechnol 2007; 6: 2087-2090
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 57 Asuquo OR, Edet AG, Mesembe O, Atanghwo J. Ethanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Ocimum gratissimum enhance testicular improvement in diabetic wistar rats. Internet J Altern Med 2010; DOI: 10.5580/89d.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 58 Joyce OO, Nworah DC, Egwurugwu JN, Pughikumo DT, Joffa PPK. Comparative anti-diabetic effects of Ocimium gratissimum, Vernonia amygdalina and insulin on testicular architecture in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Am J Pharm Tech Res 2012; 2: 279-287
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 59 Oguanobi NI, Chijioke CP, Ghasi S. Anti-diabetic effect of crude leaf extracts of Ocimum gratissimum in neonatal streptozotocin-induced type-2 model diabetic rats. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2012; 5: 77
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 60 Okon UA, Ikpi DE, Ben EE. Ocimum gratissimum alleviates derangements in serum and biliary bilirubin, cholesterol and electrolytes in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Int J Biochem Res Rev 2013; 3: 171-189
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 61 Herbert OCM, Clement J, Idongesit J, Godwin E, Udeme E, Grace E. Evaluation of the hypoglycemic effect of aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. Int J Pharm Biomed Res 2011; 2: 158-160
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 62 Owolabi OA, James DB, Anigo KM, Iormanger GW, Olaiya II. Combined effect of aqueous extracts of Phyllanthus amarus and Vitex doniana stem bark on blood glucose of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes rats and some liver biochemical parameters. Br J Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 2: 143-147
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 63 Povi L, Kwashie E, Amegnona A, Kodjo A, Edmond C, Messanvi G. Antidiabetic activity of Phyllanthus amarus Schum and Thonn (Euphorbiaceae) on alloxan induced diabetes in male Wistar rats. J Appl Sci 2011; 11: 2968-2973
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 64 Adeneye AA. The leaf and seed aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus improves insulin resistance diabetes in experimental animal studies. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 144: 705-711
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 65 Aguwa CN, Ukwe CV, Inya-Agha SI, Okonta JM. Antidiabetic effect of Picralima nitida aqueous seed extract in experimental rabbit model. J Nat Rem 2001; 1: 135-139
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 66 Igboasoiyi AC, Essien EE, Eseyin OA, Ubam G. Screening of the seed of Picralima nitida for hypoglycaemic activity. Pak J Biol Sci 2007; 10: 828-830
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 67 Nimenibo-Uadia R. Effects of Vernonia amygdalina in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. J Med Lab Sci 2003; 12: 25-31
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 68 Chike CPR, Georgewill OA, Nnodi CU. Effect of aqueous leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) on blood glucose concentration of alloxan induced diabetic albino Wistar rats. Afr J Appl Zool Environ Biol 2006; 8: 44-47
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 69 Osinubi AA. Effects of Vernonia amygdalina and chlorpropamide on blood glucose. Med J Islamic World Acad Sci 2007; 16: 115-119
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 70 Iwuji SC, Nwafor A, Adienbo OM, Egwurugwu J, Iwuji NG, Oodo OM. Hypoglycaemic potential of aqueous leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina: An Animal Model. Afr J Med Physiol Biomed Eng Sci 2010; 2: 9-13
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 71 Taiwo IA, Odeigah PGC, Ogunkanmi LA. The glycaemic effects of Vernonia amygdalina and V. tenoreana with tolbutamide in rats and the implications for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. J Sci Res Dev 2008; 11: 122-130
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 72 Fasola TR, Okeocha PC, Odetola A. Screening for the hypoglycaemic potentials of the extract of Vernonia amygalina . Ethnobot Leaflets 2010; 14: 759-765
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 73 Owen OJ, Amakiri AO, Karibi-Botoye TA. Sugar-lowering effects of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) in experimental broiler finisher chickens. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2011; 4: 19-21
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 74 Modu SA, Adeboye E, Maisaratu A, Mubi BM. Studies on the administration of Vernonia amygdalina Del. (Bitter leaf) and glucophage on blood glucose level of alloxan-nduced diabetic rats. Int J Med Plant Altern Med 2013; 1: 13-19
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 75 Okolie UV, Okeke CE, Oli JM, Ehiemere IJ. Hypoglycemic indices of Vernonia amygdalina on postprandial blood glucose concentration of healthy humans. Afr J Biotechnol 2008; 7: 4581-4585
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 76 Atangwho IJ, Ebong PE, Eteng MU, Eyong EU, Obi AU. Effect of Vernonia amygdalina Del leaf on kidney function of diabetic rats. Int J Pharmacol 2007; 3: 143-148
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 77 Eteng MU, Bassey BJ, Atangwho IJ, Egbung GE, Eyoung EU, Ebong PE, Abolaji AO. Biochemical indices of macrovascular complication in diabetic rat model: compared effects of Vernonia amygdalina, Catharantus roseus and chlorpropamide. Asian J Biochem 2008; 3: 228-234
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 78 Akah PA, Alemji JA, Salawu OA, Okoye TC, Offiah NV. Effects of Vernonia amygdalina on biochemical and hematological parameters in diabetic rats. Asian J Med Sci 2009; 1: 108-113
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 79 Atangwho IJ, Eyong EU, Ebong PE, Egbung GE. Effects of combined administration of Vernonia amygdalina (Del.) and Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) extracts on compartmental glucose concentration and α-amylase activity of diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Niger J Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 24: 22-28
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 80 Atangwho IJ, Ebong PE, Eyong EU, Ashmawi MZ, Ahmad M. Synergistic antidiabetic activity of Vernonia amygdalina and Azadirachta indica: biochemical effects and possible mechanism. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 141: 878-887
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 81 Akpaso MI, Atangwho IJ, Akpantah A, Fischer VA, Igiri AO, Ebong PE. Effect of combined leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina (Bitter leaf) and Gongronema latifolium (Utazi) on the pancreatic β-Cells of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Br J Med Med Res 2011; 1: 24-34
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 82 Okokon JE, Umoh UF, Ekpo BAJ, Etim EI. Antidiabetic study of combined extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimum gratissimum, and Gongronema latifolium on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Nat Pharm 2013; 4: 28-31
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 83 Kalejaiye OF, Iwalewa EO, Omobuwajo OR, Oyedapo OO. Hypoglycaemic effects of Nigerian Zingiber officinale rhizome on experimental diabetic rats. Niger J Nat Prod Med 2002; 6: 32-35
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 84 Ozougwu JC, Eyo JE. Evaluation of the activity of Zingiber officinale (ginger) aqueous extracts on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Pharmacology 2011; 1: 258-269
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 85 Eyo JE, Ozougwo JC, Echi PC. Hypoglycaemic effects of Allium cepa, Allium sativum and Zingiber officinalle aqueous extracts on alloxan-induced diabetic Rattus novergicus . Med J Islamic World Acad Sci 2011; 19: 121-126
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 86 Iranloye BO, Arikawe AP, Rotimi G, Sogbade AO. Anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant effects of Zingiber Officinale on alloxan-induced and insulin-resistant diabetic male rats. Niger J Physiol Sci 2011; 26: 89-96
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 87 Morakinyo AO, Akindele AJ, Ahmed Z. Modulation of antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory cytokines: possible mechanism of anti-diabetic effect of ginger extracts. Afr J Biomed Res 2011; 14: 195-202
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 88 Arikawe AP, Daramola AO, Olatunji-Bello II, Obika LF. Insulin, pioglitazone and Zingiber officinale administrations improve proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunostaining effects on diabetic and insulin resistant rat testis. J Exp Clin Med 2013; 30: 49-55
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 89 Hilaly JE, Lyoussi B. Hypoglycaemic effect of the lyophilised aqueous extract of Ajuga iva in normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 80: 109-113
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 90 Hilaly JE, Tahraoui A, Israili ZH, Lyoussi B. Hypolipidemic effects of acute and sub-chronic administration of an aqueous extract of Ajuga iva L. whole plant in normal and diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2006; 105: 441-448
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 91 Hilaly JE, Tahraoui A, Israili ZH, Lyoussi B. Acute hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic effects of continuous intravenous infusion of a lyophilised aqueous extract of Ajuga iva L. Schreber whole plant in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pak J Pharm Sci 2007; 20: 261-268
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 92 Taleb-Senouci D, Ghomari H, Krouf D, Bouderbala S, Prost J, Lacaille-Dubois MA, Bouchenak M. Antioxidant effect of Ajuga iva aqueous extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Phytomedicine 2009; 16: 623-631
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 93 Hamden K, Ayadi F, Jamoussi K, Masmuodi H, Elfeki A. Therapeutic effect of phytoecdysteroids rich extract from Ajuga iva on alloxan induced diabetic rats liver, kidney and pancreas. Biofactors 2008; 33: 165-175
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 94 Taj Eldin IM, Ahmed EM, Abd Elwahab HM. Preliminary study of the clinical hypoglycemic effects of Allium cepa (Red Onion) in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. Env Health Insights 2010; 4: 71-77
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 95 El-Demerdash FM, Yousef MI, Abou-El-Naga NI. Biochemical study on the hypoglycemic effects of onion and garlic in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2005; 43: 57-63
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 96 El-Soud NA, Khalil M. Antioxidative effects of Allium cepa essential oil in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Macedonia J Med Sci 2010; 3: 344-351
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 97 Samir AMZ, Somaia ZAR, Mattar AF. Anti-diabetic properties of water and ethanolic extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca fruits flesh in senile diabetic rats. Egypt J Hosp Med 2003; 10: 90-108
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 98 Gad MZ, El-Sawalhi MM, Ismail MF, El-Tanbouly ND. Biochemical study of the anti-diabetic action of the Egyptian plants fenugreek and balanites. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 281: 173-183
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 99 Singh G, Kapoor IP, Pandey SK, Singh UK, Singh RK. Studies on essential oils. Part 10. Antibacterial activity of volatile oils of some spices. Phytother Res 2002; 16: 680-682
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 100 Eddouks M, Lemhadri A, Michel JB. Caraway and caper: potential anti-hyperglycaemic plants in diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 94: 143-148
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 101 Lemhadri A, Eddouks M, Michel JB. Cholesterol and triglycerides lowering activities of caraway fruits in normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2006; 106: 321-326
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 102 Dawidar AM, Abdel-Mogib M, Abou-Elzahab MM, Berghot MA, Mahfouz M, El-Ghorab AH, Hussien KH. Effect of photo-oxygenation on biological activities of some commercial Egyptian essential oils. Rev Latinoam Quim 2010; 38: 168-179
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 103 Lemhadri A, Eddouks M, Sulpice T, Burcelin R. Anti-hyperglycaemic and anti-obesity effects of Capparis spinosa and Chamaemelum nobile aqueous extracts in HFD mice. Am J Pharmacol Toxicol 2007; 2: 106-110
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 104 Lemhadri A, Burcelin L, Sulpice T, Eddouks M. Chamaemelum nobile L. aqueous extract represses endogenous glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Am J Pharmacol Toxicol 2007; 2: 116-122
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 105 Singab ANB, El-Beshbishy HA, Yonekawa M, Nomura T, Fukai T. Hypoglycemic effect of Egyptian Morus alba root bark extract: effect on diabetes and lipid peroxidation of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 100: 333-338
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 106 El-Sayyad HIH, El-Sherbiny MA, Sobh MA, Abou-El-Naga AM, Ibrahim MAN, Mousa SA. Protective effects of Morus alba leaves extract on ocular functions of pups from diabetic and hypercholesterolemic mother rats. Int J Biol Sci 2011; 7: 715-728
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 107 El-Beshbishy HA, Singab AN, Sinkkonen J, Pihlaja K. Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of Morus alba L. (Egyptian mulberry) root bark fractions supplementation in cholesterol-fed rats. Life Sci 2006; 78: 2724-2733
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 108 Mathur ML, Gaur J, Sharma R, Haldiya KR. Antidiabetic properties of a spice plant Nigella sativa . J Endocrinol Metab 2011; 1: 1-8
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 109 El-Dakhakhny M, Mady N, Lembert N, Ammon HP. The hypoglycemic effect of Nigella sativa oil is mediated by extrapancreatic actions. Planta Med 2002; 68: 465-466
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 110 Mohamed AM, EL-Sharkawy FZ, Ahmed SAA, Aziz WM, Badary OA. Glycemic control and therapeutic effect of Nigella sativa and Curcuma longa on rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetic hepatopathy. J Pharmacol Toxicol 2009; 4: 45-57
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 111 Benhaddou-Andaloussi A, Martineau L, Vuong T, Meddah B, Madiraju P, Settaf A, Haddad PS. The in vivo antidiabetic activity of Nigella sativa is mediated through activation of the AMPK pathway and increased muscle Glut4 content. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011; DOI: 10.1155/2011/538671.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 112 Abdel-Zahera AO, Salima SY, Assaf MH, Abdel-Hady RH. Antidiabetic activity and toxicity of Ziziphus spina-christi leaves. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 101: 129-138
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 113 Hala MH, Eman ME, Aataa AS. Antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects of Ziziphus spina-christi and Ziziphus jujuba in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Int J Pharmacol 2006; 2: 563-570
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 114 Michel CG, Nesseem DI, Ismail MF. Anti-diabetic activity and stability study of the formulated leaf extract of Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Wild with the influence of seasonal variation. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 133: 53-62
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 115 Afolayan AJ, Sunmonu TO. Artemisia afra Jacq. ameliorates oxidative stress in the pancreas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2011; 75: 2083-2086
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 116 Afolayan AJ, Sunmonu TO. Protective role of Artemisia afra aqueous extract on tissue antioxidant defense system in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Afr J Tradit Complement Alternat Med 2013; 10: 15-20
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 117 Ojewale JAO. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Crassulaceae) leaf aqueous extract. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 99: 13-19
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 118 Mpiana PT, Masunda TA, Longoma BF, Tshibangu DST, Ngbolua KN. Anti-hyperglycemic activity of Raphia gentiliana De Wild. (Arecaceae). Eur J Med Plants 2013; 3: 233-240
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 119 Ojewole JAO. Hypoglycemic effect of Sclerocarya birrea [(A. Rich.) Hochst.] [Anacardiaceae] stem-bark aqueous extract in rats. Phytomedicine 2003; 10: 675-681
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 120 Ojewole JAO. Evaluation of the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. stem-bark aqueous extract in mice and rats. Phytother Res 2004; 18: 601-608
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 121 Musabayane CT, Gondwe M, Kamadyaapa DR, Moodley K, Ojewole JAO. The effects of Sclerocarya birrea [(a. rich.) hochst.] [Anacardiaceae] stem-bark aqueous extract on blood glucose, kidney and cardiovascular function in rats. Endocr Abstr 2006; 12: 36
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 122 Gondwe M, Kamadyaapa DR, Tufts M, Chuturgoon AA, Musabayane CT. Sclerocarya birrea [(A. Rich.) Hochst.] [Anacardiaceae] stem-bark ethanolic extract (SBE) modulates blood glucose, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Phytomedicine 2008; 15: 699-709
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 123 Ojewole JAO. Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic effects of Sutherlandia frutescens R.BR. (variety incana E. MEY.) [Fabaceae] shoot aqueous extract. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 2004; 26: 409-416
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 124 Chadwick WA, Roux S, Van de Venter M, Louw J, Oelofsen W. Anti-diabetic effects of Sutherlandia frutescens in Wistar rats fed a diabetogenic diet. J Ethnopharmacol 2007; 109: 121-127
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 125 MacKenzie J, Koekemoer T, Van de Venter M, Dealtry G, Roux S. Sutherlandia frutescens limits the development of insulin resistance by decreasing plasma free fatty acid levels. Phytother Res 2009; 23: 1609-1614
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 126 Nyah NG, Watcho P, Nguelefack T, Kamanyi A. Hypoglycaemic activity of the leaves extracts of Bersama engleriana in rats. Afr J Tradit Complement Alternat Med 2007; 2: 215-221
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 127 Watcho P, Anchountsa JHG, Mbiakop CU, Nguelefack TB, Kamanyi A, Wankeu-Nya M. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Bersama engleriana leaves in nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. BMC Complement Alternat Med 2012; 12: 264
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 128 Kuate D, Etoundi BC, Ngondi JL, Oben E. Effects of Dichrostachys glomerata spice on cardiovascular diseases risk factors in normoglycemic and type 2 diabetic obese volunteers. Food Res Int 2011; 44: 1197-1202
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 129 Mallidis C, Agbaje I, McClure N, Kliesch S. The influence of diabetes mellitus on male reproductive function: a poorly investigated aspect of male infertility. Urol Assoc 2011; 50: 33-37
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 130 Wankeu-Nya M, Watcho P, Florea A, Balici S, Matei H, Kamanyi A. Dracena arborea alleviates ultra-structural spermatogenic alterations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. BMC Complement Alternat Med 2013; 13: 71
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 131 Kamgang R, Mboumi YR, Fondjo AF, Tagne MAF, Mengue Nʼdille GPR, Yonkeu JN. Antihyperglycaemic potential of the water-extract of Kalanchoe crenata (Crassulaceae). J Nat Med 2008; 62: 34-40
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 132 Fondjo FA, Kamgang R, Oyono JE, Yonkeu JN. Anti-dyslipidemic and antioxidant potentials of methanol extract of Kalanchoe crenata whole plant in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Trop J Pharm Res 2012; 11: 767-775
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 133 Tamiru W, Engidawork E, Kaleab A. Evaluation of the effects of 80 % methanolic leaf extract of Caylusea abyssinica (Fresen.) fisch. & Mey. on glucose handling in normal, glucose loaded and diabetic rodents. BMC Complement Alternat Med 2012; 12: 151
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 134 Piero NM, Murugi NJ, Kibiti MC, Ngeranwa JJ, Njue MW, Maina D, Gathumbi KP, Njagi NE. Hypoglycemic activity of some Kenyan plants traditionally used to manage diabetes mellitus in eastern province. J Diabet Metab 2011; 2: 1-6
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 135 Leung L, Birtwhistle R, Kotecha J. Anti-diabetic and hypoglycaemic effects of Momordica charantia (bitter melon): a mini review. Br J Nutr 2009; 102: 1703-1708
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 136 Matheka DM, Kiama TN, Alkizim FO, Bukachi F. Glucose-lowering effects of Momordica charantia in healthy rats. Afr J Diabet Med 2011; 19: 15-19
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 137 Nardos A, Makonnen E, Debella A. Effects of crude extracts and fractions of Moringa stenopetala (Baker f) Cufodontis leaves in normoglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 5: 2220-2225
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 138 Toma A, Makonnen E, Debella A, Tesfaye B. Antihyperglycemic effect on chronic administration of butanol fraction of ethanol extract of Moringa stenopetala leaves in alloxan induced diabetic mice. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012; 2: 606-610
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 139 Salisu Y, Agunu A, Abubakar MS, Ibrahim G. Hypoglycaemic effects of Acacia albida Del. (Mimosaceae) methanol root bark extract. Niger J Pharm Sci 2009; 8: 66-72
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 140 Ikewuchi J, Onyeike EN, Uwakwe AA, Ikewuchi CC. Effect of aqueous extract of the leaves of Acalypha wilkesiana ‘Godseffianaʼ Muell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) on the hematology, plasma biochemistry and ocular indices of oxidative stress in alloxan induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 137: 1415-1424
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 141 Tanko Y, Yerima M, Mahdi MA, Yaro AH, Musa KY, Mohammed A. Hypoglycemic activity of methanolic stem bark of Adansonia digitata extract on blood glucose levels of streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Int J Appl Res Nat Prod 2008; 1: 32-36
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 142 Odo RI, Asuzu IU, Aba PE. The antidiabetic activities of the methanolic root bark extract of Afzelia africana in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. J Complement Integr Med 2012; 9: 1-11
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 143 Egunyomi A, Gbadamosi IT, Animashahun MO. Hypoglycaemic activity of the ethanol extract of Ageratum conyzoides Linn. shoots on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Med Plants Res 2011; 5: 5347-5350
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 144 Agunbiade OS, Ojezele OM, Ojezele JO, Ajayi AY. Hypoglycaemic activity of Commelina africana and Ageratum conyzoides in relation to their mineral composition. Afr Health Sci 2012; 12: 198-203
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 145 Mohammed RK, Ibrahim S, Atawodi SE, Eze ED, Suleiman JB. Anti-diabetic and haematological effects of n-butanol fraction of Alchornea cordifolia leaf extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Glob J Med Plant Res 2012; 1: 14-21
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 146 Ozougwu JC. Anti-diabetic effects of Allium cepa (onions) aqueous extracts on alloxan-induced diabetic Rattus novergicus . J Med Plants Res 2011; 5: 1134-1139
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 147 Obi HI, Ilodigwe EE, Ajaghaku DE, Okonta JM. The antidiabetic activity of combine aqueous extracts of Gongronema latifolium (Benth) and Allium cepa . J Pharm Biomed Sci 2012; 19: 1-5
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 148 Yusuf UA, Adeeyo OA, Salawu EA, Enaibe BU, Omotoso OD. Allium cepa protects renal functions in diabetic rabbits. World J Life Sci Med Res 2012; 2: 86-90
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 149 Ogunmodede OS, Saalu LC, Ogunlade B, Akunna GG, Oyewopo AO. An evaluation of hypoglycemic, antioxidant and hepatoprotective potentials of Onion (Allium cepa L.) on alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. Int J Pharmacol 2012; 8: 21-29
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 150 Ojo RJ, Memudu AE, Akintayo CO, Akpan IS. Preventive effect of Allium sativum on alloxan induced diabetic rat. ARPN J Agric Biol Sci 2012; 7: 609-612
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 151 Saidu AN, Mann A, Balogun S. The hypoglycemic effect of aqueous extract of the Anacardium occidentale Linn leaves grown in Nigeria on normoglycemic albino rats. J Emerg Trends Eng Appl Sci 2012; 3: 302-308
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 152 Sani D, Sanni S, Ngulde SI. Hypoglycaemic effect of aqueous stem extract of Anisopus mannii in normal rats. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol 2009; 3: 481-484
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 153 Manosroi J, Zaruwa MZ, Manosroi A. Potent hypoglycemic effect of Nigerian anti-diabetic medicinal plants. J Complement Integr Med 2011; DOI: 10.2202/1553-3840.1482.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 154 Olubomehin OO, Abo KA, Ajaiyeoba EO. Alpha-amylase inhibitory activity of two Anthocleista species and in vivo rat model anti-diabetic activities of Anthocleista djalonensis extracts and fractions. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 146: 811-814
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 155 Ibeh BO, Ezeaja M. Preliminary study of antidiabetic activity of the methanolic leaf extract of Axonopus compressus (P. Beauv) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 138: 713-716
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 156 Aguh BI, Nock IH, Ndams IS, Agunu A. Hypoglycaemic activity and Nephro-protective effect of Bauhinia rufescens in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Int J Appl Pharm Biol Chem 2013; 2: 249-255
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 157 Aguh BI, Nock IH, Ndams IS, Agunu A, Ayeku PO. Hypolipidemic properties of Bauhinia rufescens in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Sci J Biol Sci 2013; 2: 68-75
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 158 Kolawole OM, Oladoyinbo SO, Agbede OO, Adu FD. The effect of Bridelia ferruginea and Senna alata on plasma glucose concentrationin normoglycemic and glucose induced hyperglycemic rats. Ethnobot Leaflets 2006; 10: 209-218
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 159 Adeneye AA, Olagunju AA. Preliminary hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of the aqueous seed extract of Carica papaya Linn. in Wistar rats. Biol Med 2009; 1: 1-10
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 160 Osadolor HB, Ariyo II, Emokpae MA, Anukam KC. Hypoglycemic effect of unripe pawpaw on streptozotocin induced diabetic albino rats. Res J Med Plants 2011; 5: 90-94
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 161 Ene AC, Milala MA, Nwankwo EA. The effect of different doses of black caraway (Carum carvi L.) oil on the liver enzymes of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Med Sci 2006; 6: 994-998
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 162 Ene AC, Bukbuk DN, Ogunmola OO. The effect of different doses of black caraway (Carum carvi L.) oil on the serum creatinine of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Med Sci 2006; 6: 701-703
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 163 Ene AC, Nwankwo EA, Samdi LM. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats and the effects of black caraway (Carum carvi L.) oil on their body weight. Res J Med Med Sci 2007; 2: 48-52
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 164 Ene AC, Nwankwo EA, Samdi LM. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats and the effects of black caraway (Carum carvi L.) oil on their body weight. J Pharmacol Toxicol 2007; 3: 141-146
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 165 Nadro MS. Hypoglycaemic effects of Cassia italica leaf extracts on streptozotocin-induced diabetic albino rats. J Res Biosci 2009; 6: 38-41
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 166 Nadro MS, Onoagbe IO. Anti-hyperlipidaemic and antioxidant effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Cassia italica leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. J Med Plants Res 2012; 6: 4675-4681
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 167 Emeka EJI, Clement UO. Comparative study of hypoglycemic and biochemical effects of Catharantus roseus (Linn.), apocyanaceae (Madagascar periwinkle) and chlorpropamide (diabenese) on alloxan induced diabetic rats. Biokemistri 2005; 7: 149-156
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 168 Ladeji O, Omekarah I, Solomon M. Hypoglycemic properties of aqueous bark extract of Ceiba pentandra in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 84: 139-142
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 169 Nʼguessan K, Amoikon KE, Tiébré MS, Kadja B, Zirihi GN. Effect of aqueous extract of Chrysophyllum cainito leaves on the glycaemia of diabetic rabbits. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol 2009; 3: 501-506
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 170 Ezekwesili CN, Ogbunugafor HA, Ezekwesili-Ofili JO. Anti-diabetic activity of aqueous extracts of Vitex doniana leaves and Cinchona calisaya bark in alloxan–induced diabetic rats. Int J Trop Dis Health 2012; 2: 290-300
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 171 Tanko Y, Yaro AH, Isa AI, Yerima M, Saleh MIA, Mohammed A. Toxicological and hypoglycemic studies on the leaves of Cissampelos mucronata (Menispermaceae) on blood glucose levels of streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. J Med Plants Res 2007; 1: 113-116
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 172 Ekeanyanwu RC, Udeme AA, Onuigbo AO, Etienajirhevwe OF. Anti-diabetic effect of ethanol leaf extract of Cissampelos owariensis (lungwort) on alloxan induced diabetic rats. Afr J Biotechnol 2012; 11: 6758-6762
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 173 Opajobi AO, Esume CO, Campbell P, Onyesom I, Osasuyi A. Effects of aqueous extracts of Rauvolfia vomitoria and Citrus aurantium on liver enzymes of streptozotocin – induced diabetic and normal rabbits. Cont J Med Res 2011; 5: 1-5
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 174 Adeneye AA. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of methanol seed extract of Citrus paradisi Macfad (Rutaceae) in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Niger Q J Hosp Med 2008; 18: 211-215
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 175 Adebajo AC, Iwalewa EO, Obuotor EM, Ibikunle GF, Omisore NO, Adewunmi CO, Obaparusi OO, Klaes M, Adetogun GE, Schmidt TJ, Verspoh EJ. Pharmacological properties of the extract and some isolated compounds of Clausena lansium stem bark: anti-trichomonal, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 122: 10-19
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 176 Adisa RA, Choudhary MI, Adewoye EO, Olorunsogo OO. Hypoglyceamic and biochemical properties of Cnestis ferruginea . Afr J Tradit Complement Alternat Med 2010; 7: 185-194
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 177 Chika A, Bello SO. Antihyperglycaemic activity of aqueous leaf extract of Combretum micranthum (Combretaceae) in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 129: 34-37
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 178 Sarah N, Oluwatosin A, Ajaiyeoba E. Oral administration of extract from Curcumin longa lowers blood glucose and attenuates alloxan-induced hyperlipidemia in diabetic rabbits. Pak J Biol Sci 2009; 8: 625-628
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 179 Iwueke AV, Nwodo OFC. Effect of combined root extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius and Daniella oliveri on blood glucose and serum lipids in alloxan-diabetic rats. Niger J Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 23: 37-41
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 180 Iwueke AV, Nwodo OFC. Antihyperglycaemic effect of aqueous extract of Daniella oliveri and Sarcocephalus latifolius roots on key carbohydrate metabolic enzymes and glycogen in experimental diabetes. Biokemistri 2008; 20: 63-70
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 181 Omoniwa BP, Luka CD. Antidiabetic and toxicity evaluation of aqueous stem extract of Ficus asperifolia in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Asian J Exp Biol Sci 2012; 3: 726-732
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 182 Adeyi AO, Idowu AB, Mafiana CF, Oluwalana SA, Ajayi OL. Effects of aqueous leave extract of Ficus exasperata on pathophysiology and histopathology of alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. J Med Plants Res 2012; 6: 5730-5736
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 183 Adewole SO, Adenowo TK, Thajasvarie N, Ojewole AO. Hypoglycaemic and hypotensive effects of Ficus exasperata VAHL. (Moraceae) leaf aqueous extract in rats. Afr J Tradit Complement Alternat Med 2011; 8: 275-283
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 184 Mohammed A, Adelaiye AB, Bakari AG, Mabrouk MA. Anti-diabetic and some haematological effects of ethylacetate and n-butanol fractions of Ganoderma lucidum aqueous extract in alloxan-induced diabetic Wister rats. Int J Med Med Sci 2009; 1: 530-535
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 185 Gnangoran BN, Nʼguessan BB, Amoateng P, Dosso K, Yapo AP, Ehile EE. Hypoglycaemic activity of ethanolic leaf extract and fractions of Holarrhena floribunda (Apocynaceae). J Med Biomed Sci 2012; 1: 46-54
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 186 Okokon JE, Bassey SA, Basil NI. Antidiabetic effects of Homalium letestui (Flacourtiaceae) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Res J Med Plant 2007; 1: 134-138
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 187 Adeneye AA, Adeyemi OO. Further evaluation of antihyperglycaemic activity of Hunteria umbellata (K. Schum) Hallier f. seed extract in experimental diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 126: 238-243
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 188 Ezeigbo II, Asuzu IU. Anti-diabetic activities of methanol leaf extract of Hymenocardia acida (TUL.) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Afr J Tradit Complement Alternat Med 2012; 9: 204-209
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 189 Danmalam UH, Abdullahi LM, Agunu A, Musa KY. Acute toxicity studies and hypoglycemic activity of the methanol extract of the leaves of Hyptis suaveolens Poit. (Lamiaceae). Niger J Pharm Sci 2009; 8: 87-92
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 190 Omonkhua AA, Onoagbe IO. Effects of long-term oral administration of aqueous extracts of Irvingia gabonensis bark on blood glucose and liver profile of normal rabbits. J Med Plants Res 2012; 6: 2581-2589
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 191 Momoh MA, Muhammed U. Toxicological and hypoglycemic studies on the oil extracted from seeds of Khaya senegalensis on blood glucose levels of alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. J Med Plants Res 2011; 5: 4021-4024
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 192 Kolawole OT, Kolawole SO, Ayankunle AA, Olaniran OI. Anti-hyperglycemic effect of Khaya senegalensis stem bark aqueous extract in Wistar rats. Eur J Med Plants 2012; 2: 66-73
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 193 Bello A, Aliero AA, Saidu Y, Muhammad S. Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects of Leptadenia hastata (Pers.) Decne in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Niger J Basic Appl Sci 2011; 19: 187-192
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 194 Osadebe PO, Omeje EO, Nworu SC, Esimone CO, Uzor PF, David EK, Uzoma JU. Antidiabetic principles of Loranthus micranthus Linn. parasitic on Persea americana . Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2010; 3: 619-623
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 195 Osadebe PO, Omeje EO, Uzor PF, David EK, Obiorah DC. Seasonal variation for the antidiabetic activity of Loranthus micranthus methanol extract. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2010; 3: 196-199
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 196 Ugbenyen AM, Odetola AA. Hypoglycemic potential of the young leaves methanolic extract of Magnifera indica in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Pak J Nutr 2009; 8: 239-241
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 197 Okokon JE, Bassey SA, Osuji LC, Pius MU. Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effect of Mammea africana (Guttiferae) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J Pharmacol Toxicol 2007; 2: 278-283
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 198 Enomfo JA, Okokon JE, Offong E. Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activities of ethanolic leaf extract and fractions of Melanthera scandens . Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012; 2: 523-527
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 199 Ataman JE, Grillo DB, Omongbai EKI, Idu M, Amaechina F, Okonji V, Ayinde BA. Effect of methanolic extract of Momordica charantia leaves on alloxan treated Wistar rats. J Med Sci 2006; 6: 828-832
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 200 Tarkang PA, Ofogba CJ. Evaluation of the hypoglycemic activity and safety of Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae). Afr J Pharm Sci Pharm 2012; 3: 17-29
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 201 Odutuga AA, Dairo JO, Minari JB, Bamisaye FA. Ant-diabetic effect of Morinda lucida stem bark extracts on alloxan induced diabetic rats. Res J Pharmacol 2010; 4: 78-82
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 202 Adeneye AA, Agbaje EO. Pharmacological evaluation of oral hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects of fresh leaves ethanol extract of Morinda lucida Benth. in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Afr J Biomed Res 2008; 11: 65-71
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 203 Edoga CO, Njoku OO, Amadi EN, Okeke JJ. Blood sugar lowering effect of Moringa oleifera Lam in albino rats. Int J Sci Technol 2013; 3: 88-90
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 204 Salau BA, Ajani EO. Methanolic extract of Musa sapientum (L var. paradisiacal) sucker improves lipid profiles in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Asian J Biol Sci 2012; 5: 322-327
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 205 Adewoye EO, Ige AO, Latona CT. Effect of methanolic extract of Musa sapientum leaves on gastrointestinal transit time in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats: possible mechanism of action. Niger J Physiol Sci 2011; 26: 083-088
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 206 Adeneye AA, Ajagbonna OP, Ayodele OW. Hypoglycemic and antidiabetic activities on the stem bark aqueous and ethanol extracts of Musanga cecropioides in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Fitoterapia 2007; 78: 502-505
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 207 Owolabi OJ, Amaechina FC, Okoro M. Effect of ethanol leaf extract of Newbouldia laevis on blood glucose levels of diabetic rats. Trop J Pharm Res 2011; 10: 249-254
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 208 Umar IA, Mohammed A, Dawud FA, Kyari H, Abdullahi M. Anti-diabetic action of the aqueous extract of Ocimum suave in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Afr J Biotechnol 2012; 11: 9243-9247
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 209 Igbakin AP, Adanlawo IG. The effect of solvent extracts of Parimari microphylla on metabolites of alloxan induced diabetic rats. Int J Biol Chem 2009; 3: 49-55
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 210 Ndiaye M, Diatta W, Sy AN, Dieye AM, Faye B, Bassene E. Antidiabetic properties of aqueous barks extract of Parinari excelsa in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Fitoterapia 2008; 79: 267-270
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 211 Odetola AA, Akinloye O, Egunjobi C, Adekunle WA, Ayoola AO. Possible antidiabetic and antihyperlipidaemic effect of fermented Parkia biglobosa (Jacq) extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2006; 33: 808-812
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 212 Saba AB, Oyagbemi AA, Azeez OI. Antidiabetic and haematinic effects of Parquetina nigrescens on alloxan induced type-1 diabetes and normocytic normochromic anaemia in Wistar rats. Afr Health Sci 2010; 10: 276-282
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 213 Edem DO. Hypoglycemic effects of ethanolic extracts of alligator pear seed (Persea americana Mill) in rats. Eur J Sci Res 2009; 33: 669-678
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 214 Nwanjo HU, Oze G, Okafor MC, Nwosu D, Nwankpa P. Protective role of Phyllanthus niruri extract on serum lipid profiles and oxidative stress in hepatocytes of diabetic rats. Afr J Biotechnol 2007; 6: 1744-1749
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 215 Mbaka GO, Ogbonnia SO, Oyeniran KJ, Awopetu PI. Effect of Raphia hookeri seed extract on blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and lipid profile of alloxan induced diabetic rats. Br J Med Med Res 2012; 2: 621-635
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 216 Ikewuchi JC, Ikewuchi CC. Hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic and ocular-protective effects of an aqueous extract of the rhizomes of Sansevieria senegambica baker (Agavaceae) on alloxan-induced diabetic Wister rats. Am J Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 2: 48-66
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 217 Onakpa MM, Ajagbonna OP. Antidiabetic potentials of Cassia occidentalis leaf extract on alloxan induced diabetic albino mice. Int J PharmTech Res 2012; 4: 1766-1769
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 218 Mohammed A, Atiku MK. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effect of leaves and stem bark methanol extracts of Senna siamea in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Curr Res Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2012; 1: 10-17
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 219 Odason EE, Kolawole JA. Anti-diabetic properties and brine shrimp toxicity of the aqueous extract of the root of Cassia siamea Lam (Ceasalpiniaceae). Niger J Pharm Res 2007; 6: 66-69
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 220 Okokon JE, Bassey AL, Nwidu LL. Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of ethanolic root extract of Setaria megaphylla . Int J Pharmacol 2007; 3: 91-95
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 221 Martins E, Adesina OO, Adewale GB, Kolawole SO, Tomilola EJ, Oyemayowa VS. Comparative evaluation of the protective effect of ethanolic and methanolic leaf extracts of Sida acuta against hyperglycaemia and alterations of biochemical and haematological indices in alloxan induced diabetic rats. J Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 5: 1-12
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 222 Kade IJ, Barbosa NBV, Ibukun EO, Igbakin AP, Nogueira CW, Rocha JBT. Aqueous extracts of Sphagneticola trilobata attenuates streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemia in rat models by modulating oxidative stress parameters. Biol Med 2010; 2: 1-13
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 223 Godwin M, Adeyemi O, Osinubi A, Noronha C, Okanlawon A. The effect of aqueous root extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum on blood glucose level of rabbits. J Med Plants Res 2009; 3: 870-874
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 224 Isah AB, Ibrahim YKE, Abdulrahman EM, Ibrahim MA. The hypoglycaemic activity of the aqueous extract of Stachytarpheta angustifolia (Verbanaceae) in normoglycaemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2007; 10: 137-141
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 225 Olorunfemi AE, Patrick E, Arit E, Arnold I, Emmanuel O. Hypoglycemic effect of the seed extract of Telfairia occidentalis in rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2007; 10: 498-501
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 226 Teugwa CW, Boudjeko T, Tchinda BT, Mejiato PC, Zofou D. Anti-hyperglycaemic globulins from selected Cucurbitaceae seeds used as antidiabetic medicinal plants in Africa. BMC Complement Alternat Med 2013; 13: 2-8
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 227 Nʼguessan K, Fofie NBY, Zirihi GN. Effect of aqueous extract of Terminalia catappa leaves on the glycaemia of rabbits. J Appl Pharm Sci 2011; 1: 59-64
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 228 Kingsley O, Iyere OO, Georgina EO, Esosa US, Kazeem AO, Frank AO. Effects of aqueous root extract of Treculia africana on blood glucose, lipid profile and body weight changes of streptozotocin-induced diabetic and normal rats. Int J Plant Physiol Biochem 2011; 3: 169-175
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 229 Prohp TP, Onoagbe IO. Anti-diabetic properties and toxicological studies of Triplochiton scleroxylon on the heart enzymes in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rabbits. Pak J Nutr 2009; 8: 1025-1029
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 230 Sy GY, Cissé A, Nongonierma RB, Sarr M, Mbodj NA, Faye B. Hypoglycaemic and antidiabetic activity of acetonic extract of Vernonia colorata leaves in normoglycaemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 98: 171-175
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 231 Adaramoye O, Amanlou M, Habibi-Razaei M, Pasalar P, Moosavi-Movahedi A. Methanolic extract of African mistletoe (Viscum album) improves carbohydrate metabolism and hyperlipidemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012; 5: 427-433
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 232 Ngugi MP, Murugi NJ, Kibiti MC, Ngeranwa JJ, Njue MW, Maina D, Gathumbi KP, Njagi NE. Hypoglycemic activity of some Kenyan plants traditionally used to manage diabetes mellitus in Eastern province. J Diabetes Metab 2011; 2: 1-6
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 233 Njagi JM, Piero MN, Ngeranwa JJN, Njagi ENM, Kibiti CM, Njue WM, Maina D, Gathumbi PK. Assessment of antidiabetic potential of Ficus sycomorus on alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Int J Diabet Res 2012; 1: 47-51
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 234 Karau GM, Njagi ENM, Machocho AK, Wangai LN, Kamau PN. Hypoglycemic activity of aqueous and ethylacetate leaf and stem bark extracts of Pappea capensis in alloxan-induced diabetic BALB/c mice. Br J Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 3: 251-258
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 235 Dinku T, Tadesse S, Asres K. Antidiabetic activity of the leafextracts of Pentas schimperiana subsp. schimperiana (A. Rich) Vatke on alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Ethiop Pharm J 2010; 28: 22-26
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 236 Kambouche N, Merah B, Derdour A, Bellahouel S, Bouayed J, Dicko A, Younos C, Soulimani R. Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects of Anabasis articulata (Forssk) Moq (Chenopodiaceae), an Algerian medicinal plant. Afr J Biotechnol 2009; 8: 5578-5583
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 237 Hamza N, Berkea B, Chezea C, Aglib A, Robinsona P, Ginc H, Moore N. Prevention of type 2 diabetes induced by high fat diet in the C57BL/6J mouse by two medicinal plants used in traditional treatment of diabetes in the east of Algeria. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 128: 513-518
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 238 Eddouks M, Lemhadri A, Michel JB. Hypolipidemic activity of aqueous extract of Capparis spinosa L. in normal and diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 98: 345-350
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 239 Sefi M, Fetoui H, Lachkar N, Tahraoui A, Lyoussi B, Zeghal N, Boudawara T. Centaurium erythrea (Gentianaceae) leaf extract alleviates streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress and β-cell damage in rat pancreas. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 135: 243-250
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 240 Mohammed MS, Hossam FA, Samir AE, Osama MS. Biomedical effect of cinnamon extract on obesity and diabetes relevance in Wistar rats. Am J Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 2: 133-145
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 241 Nahla SE, Ismail MA. Hypoglycemic effect of Cleome droserifolia ethanolic leaf extract in experimental diabetes and on non-enzymatic antioxidant, glycogen, thyroid hormone and insulin levels. Diabetol Croat 2006; 35: 15-22
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 242 Mohamed A. Antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects of aqueous of the roots of Cynara cornigera in alloxan induced experimental diabetic rats. Int J Pharmacol 2011; 7: 782-789
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 243 Houacine C, Elkhawad AO, Ayoub SMH. A comparative study on the anti-diabetic activity of extracts of some Algerian and Sudanese plants. J Diabet Endocrinol 2012; 3: 25-28
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 244 Jouad H, Maghrani M, Eddouks M. Hypoglycaemic effect of Rubus fructicosis L. and Globularia alypum L. in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 81: 351-356
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 245 Zeggwagh NA, Eddouks M, Lemhadri A. Study of hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic effects of Inula viscosa L. aqueous extract in normal and diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2006; 108: 223-227
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 246 Eddouks M, Maghrani M, Michel JB, Zeggwagh NA. Study of the hypoglycaemic activity of Lepidium sativum L. aqueous extract in normal and diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 97: 391-395
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 247 Sayed MR, Mourad IM, Sayed DA. Biochemical changes in experimental diabetes before and after treatment with Mangifera indica and Psidium guajava extracts. Int J Pharm Biomed Sci 2011; 2: 29-41
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 248 Zeggwagh NA, Sulpice T, Eddouks M. Anti-hyperglycaemic and hypolidemic effects of Ocimum basilicum aqueous extract in diabetic rats. Am J Pharmacol Toxicol 2007; 2: 123-129
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 249 El-Khayat Z, Hussein J, Ramzy T, Ashour M. Antidiabetic antioxidant effect of Panax ginseng . J Med Plants Res 2011; 5: 4616-4620
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 250 Jouad H, Eddouks M, Lacaille-Dubois MA, Lyoussi B. Hypoglycaemic effect of Spergularia purpurea in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2000; 71: 169-177
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 251 Jouad H, Lemhadri A, Maghrani M, Zeggwagh NA, Eddouks M. Cholesterol-lowering activity of the aqueous extract of Spergularia purpurea in normal and recent-onset diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2003; 87: 43-49
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 252 Benwahhoud M, Jouad H, Eddouks M, Lyoussia B. Hypoglycemic effect of Suaeda fruticosa in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2001; 76: 35-38
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 253 El Amrani F, Rhallab A, Alaoui T, El Badaoui E, Chakir S. Hypoglycaemic effect of Thymelaea hirsuta in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Med Plants Res 2009; 3: 625-629
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 254 Eddouks M, Maghrani M, Michel JB. Hypoglycaemic effect of Triticum repens P. Beauv. in normal and diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 102: 228-232
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 255 Abd-Elraheem AE, Muhammad MAS, Mahrous MAM. Effect of ginger extract consumption on levels of blood glucose, lipid profile and kidney functions in Alloxan induced-diabetic rats. Egypt Acad J Biol Sci 2009; 2: 153-162
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 256 Oyedemi SO, Adewusi EA, Aiyegoro OA, Akinpelu DA. Antidiabetic and haematological effect of aqueous extract of stem bark of Afzelia africana (Smith) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2011; 1: 353-358
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 257 Islam MS, Choi H, Loots DT. Effects of dietary onion (Allium cepa L.) in a high-fat diet streptozotocin-induced diabetes rodent model. Ann Nutr Metab 2008; 53: 6-12
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 258 Gundidza M, Masuku S, Humphrey G, Magwa ML. Anti-diabetic activity of Aloe excelsa . Cent Afr J Med 2005; 51: 115-120
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 259 Loots DT, Pieters M, Islam MS, Botes L. Antidiabetic effects of Aloe ferox and Aloe greatheadii var. davyana leaf gel extracts in a low-dose streptozotocin diabetes rat model. S Afr J Sci 2011; 107: 1-6
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 260 Mellem JJ, Baijnath H, Odhav B. Effect of the methanolic extract of Brachylaena discolor in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 7: 636-642
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 261 Islam MS. Effects of the aqueous extract of white tea (Camellia sinensis) in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes model of rats. Phytomedicine 2011; 19: 25-31
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 262 Ojewole JAO. Hypoglycaemic effect of Clausena anisata (Wild) Hook methanolic root extract in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 81: 231-237
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 263 Ojewole JAO, Adewunmi CO. Hypoglycaemic effects of methanolic leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus (Linn.) G. Don (Apocynaceae) in normal and diabetic mice. Acta Med Biol 2000; 48: 55-58
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 264 Deutschländer MS, Lall N, Van de Venter M, Hussein AA. Hypoglycemic evaluation of a new triterpene and other compounds isolated from Euclea undulata Thunb. var. myrtina (Ebenaceae) root bark. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 133: 1091-1095
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 265 Ojewale JAO. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties of Hypoxis hemerocallidea Fisch. & C.A. Mey. (Hypoxidaceae) corm [‘African Potato ] aqueous extract in mice and rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2006; 103: 126-134
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 266 Mahomed IM, Ojewole JA. Hypoglycemic effect of Hypoxis hemerocallidea corm (African potato) aqueous extract in rats. Methods Findings Exp Clin Pharmacol 2003; 25: 617-623
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 267 Oyedemi SO, Yakubu MT, Afolayan AJ. Antidiabetic activities of aqueous leaves extract of Leonotis leonurus in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J Med Plants Res 2011; 5: 119-125
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 268 Dzeufiet PDD, Ohandja DY, Tédong L, Asongalem EA, Dimo T, Sokeng SD, Kamtchouing P. Antidiabetic effect of Ceiba pentandra extract on streptozotocin-induced non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) rats. Afr J Tradit Complement Alternat Med 2007; 4: 47-54
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 269 George C, Lochner A, Huisamen B. The efficacy of Prosopis glandulosa as antidiabetic treatment in rat models of diabetes and insulin resistance. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 137: 298-304
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 270 Ojewole JA. Hypoglycemic and hypotensive effects of Psidium guajava Linn. (Myrtaceae) leaf aqueous extract. Methods Findings Exp Clin Pharmacol 2005; 27: 689-695
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 271 Ojewole JAO. Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycaemic effects of Rhus chirindensis (Baker F.) [Anacardiaceae] stem-bark aqueous extract in mice and rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2007; 113: 338-345
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 272 Oyedemi SO, Bradley G, Afolayan AJ. Beneficial effect of aqueous extracts of Strychnos henningsii Gilg in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic Wistar rats. Int J Pharmacol 2011; 7: 773-781
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 273 Sokeng SD, Lontsi D, Moundipa PF, Jatsa HB, Watcho P, Kamtchouing P. Hypoglycemic effect of Anacardium occidentale L. methanol extract and fractions on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Glob J Pharmacol 2007; 1: 1-5
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 274 Kamtchouing P, Kahpui SM, Dzeufiet D, Tédong L, Asongalem EA, Dimo T. Anti-diabetic activity of methanol/methylene chloride stem bark extracts of Terminalia superba and Canarium schweinfurthii on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2006; 104: 306-309
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 275 Dimo T, Rakotonirina SV, Tan PV, Azay J, Dongo E, Kamtchouing P, Cros G. Effect of Sclerocarya birrea (Anacardiaceae) stem bark methylene chloride/methanol extract on streptozotocin-diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2007; 110: 434-438
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 276 Makom IGN, Frigerio F, Casimir M, Ngueguim FT, Dongo E, Kamtchouing P, Dimo T, Maechler P. Sclerocarya birrea (Anacardiaceae) stem-bark extract corrects glycaemia in diabetic rats and acts on beta-cells by enhancing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. J Endocrinol 2010; 205: 79-86
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 277 Ojewole JAO, Adewole SO, Olayiwola G. Hypoglycaemic and hypotensive effects of Momordica charantia Linn (Cucurbitaceae) whole-plant aqueous extract in rats. Cardivasc J S Afr 2006; 17: 227-232
    PubMedGoogle Scholar