Monitoring des Beatmungspatienten

Zusammenfassung

Die Überwachung eines beatmungspflichtigen Patienten erfolgt in der Regel auf einer Intensivstation und stellt eine Herausforderung für das gesamte medizinische Personal dar. Es ist zunächst entscheidend, die pathophysiologischen Zusammenhänge der zugrunde liegenden Erkrankung zu verstehen, um die Patienten sicher überwachen und therapieren zu können. Neben der Beobachtung wichtiger klinischer Zeichen stehen in der modernen Medizin verschiedene apparative Verfahren für das Monitoring zur Verfügung. Die diagnostischen Möglichkeiten schließen dabei sowohl invasive als auch nichtinvasive Verfahren ein. Darüber hinaus ist es unverzichtbar, Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Sauerstoffangebot, dem Sauerstoffverbrauch sowie der atemmuskulären Belastung während der Beatmung zu verstehen. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt diese Hintergründe und stellt die wichtigsten diagnostischen Verfahren vor, welche im Rahmen der Überwachung beatmeter Patienten eingesetzt werden können.

Abstract

Patients undergoing mechanical ventilation are usually treated in the intensive care unit. Monitoring of these patients is challenging for all members of the medical staff. Understanding the aetiology of respiratory failure as well as the pathophysiological principles is essential for appropriate monitoring and treatment. Besides observation of clinical signs, different monitoring methods have become available including invasive and non-invasive diagnostic tools. Furthermore, knowledge about oxygen supply and oxygen consumption as well as respiratory muscle capacities and workload is important. The current article presents an overview of these issues and evaluates different diagnostic tools to monitor ventilator-dependent patients.

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