Zum Sport- und Bewegungsverhalten von Multiple Sklerose-Patienten – eine explorative Analyse

Zusammenfassung

Zahlreiche Forschungsergebnisse bestätigen die positiven Effekte von sport- und bewegungstherapeutischen Maßnahmen bei Multiple Sklerose- (MS) Patienten. Folglich sollten MS-Patienten an bewegungstherapeutischen Maßnahmen teilnehmen und/oder regelmäßig Sport treiben. Ziel dieser Studie war es zu untersuchen, ob und in welchem Maße MS-Patienten sportlich aktiv sind und/oder an bewegungs- bzw. physiotherapeutischen Maßnahmen teilnehmen. Alle im Saarland registrierten MS-Patienten (n=1 100) wurden einmalig schriftlich befragt. Der Fragebogen umfasste 35 Items in 6 Kategorien unterteilt: Allgemeine Gesundheitswahrnehmung, selbst eingeschätzte Unabhängigkeit im Alltag, Teilnahme an physiotherapeutischen Maßnahmen, selbst wahrgenommenes Sport- und Bewegungsverhalten vor und nach der Diagnose, Motivation zum Sport und Trainingsempfehlungen, die aus Patientensicht von Spezialisten (Neurologe, Therapeut) gegeben wurden. 263 MS-Patienten (Alter=47,6±9,8, Krankheitsdauer=13,5±9,1 Jahre) sendeten den Fragebogen fristgerecht zurück (Rücklaufquote=24%). Die Hälfte der MS-Patienten (51%) befand sich in physiotherapeutischer Behandlung. 46% der MS-Patienten sagten aus, dass sie regelmäßig Sport treiben. Das Bewegungsverhalten nach der Diagnose war in Trainingsdauer (p<0,001) und -intensität (p<0,0001) signifikant gesunken. 38% der Patienten gaben an, dass Ihnen Sport von einem Spezialisten empfohlen wurde. Bei knapp zwei Dritteln aller Befragten wurde Sport als Therapiemaßnahme nicht erwähnt. Die Interpretation der Ergebnisse ist aufgrund des selektiven Charakters der Stichprobe limitiert. Das reduzierte Bewegungsverhalten nach der Diagnose aufgrund des Krankheitsverlaufes selbst scheint nachvollziehbar. Dennoch lassen die Ergebnisse vermuten, dass dem Transfer von Forschungsergebnissen zu sportlichem Training bei MS in die Praxis noch nicht genug Beachtung geschenkt wird. Es besteht Notwendigkeit MS-Patienten (und Spezialisten) auf die therapeutischen Möglichkeiten von Sport und Bewegung bei MS hinzuweisen und geeignete Trainingsempfehlungen zu entwickeln.

Abstract

Numerous research studies confirm the positive effects of therapeutic physical activity in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients. Therefore, MS patients should participate in such programs or do sports regularly. The aim of the study was to determine the extent of MS patients' participa­tion in therapeutic physical activity. All registered MS patients (n=1 100) in the German state of Saarland were surveyed once. The 35-item self-reporting questionnaire consisted of 6 subscales: general health perceptions, perceived independ­ence in daily living, current physiotherapeutic treatment, exercise behaviour before and after diagnosis, motivation for sport and specialists’ recommendations (neurologist, physiotherapist) from the patients’ perspective. 263 MS-patients (age=47.6±9.8, disease duration=13.5±9.1 years) returned the self-reporting questionnaire on time (response rate=24%). Half of MS patients (51%) participated in some physiotherapeutic exercise program; 46% of MS patients engaged in some sports regularly. After diagnosis, exercise duration (p<0.001) and exercise intensity (p<0.0001) of patients were significantly reduced. 38% of MS patients said that sports were recommended to them by their specialists. Almost two-thirds of MS patients claimed that sports as a therapeutic measure was never mentioned. The study results must be interpreted with cau­tion because of the selective nature of the sample. The reduced exercise behaviour might well be a consequence of the disease progress. However, the study results suggest that adequate attention has not been paid to implementing research findings on the value of physical exercise in MS in actual practice. It is important to inform MS patients (and specialists) about the therapy option of physical exercise in MS and develop appropriate exercise recommendations.

Schlüsselwörter

Multiple Sklerose - Sport - Empfehlungen - Fragebogen - Physiotherapie

Keywords

multiple sclerosis - physical exercise - recommendations - questionnaire - physiotherapy

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