PDF herunterladen
Int J Sports Med 2014; 35(14): 1208-1215
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1370968
Nutrition
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Effects of Beverages with Variable Nutrients on Rehydration and Cognitive Function

S. H. S. Wong
1   Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
,
F.-H. Sun
2   Department of Health and Physical Education, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong, China
,
W. Y. J. Huang
1   Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
,
Y.-J. Chen
3   Department of Maternity and Child Health Care, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
› Institutsangaben
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf



accepted after revision 28. Januar 2014

Publikationsdatum:
09. September 2014 (online)

Auch verfügbar auf
    Lizenzen und Reprints

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CE), lemon tea (LT), and distilled water (DW) on rehydration and cognitive performance after 60 min of moderate exercise. 9 healthy males and 10 eumenorrheic females completed 3 runs in a randomized crossover study design. During the 4-h recovery (REC) period, they consumed either a volume of CE, LT or DW equal to 150% of their body mass (BM) loss during the previous run. The 3 beverages vary in carbohydrate and electrolyte content. A battery of cognitive tests was performed upon arrival, immediately after exercise, and at the end of REC. After the REC, the restoration of BM loss was lower in the DW and LT trials than that in the CE trial in the female participants (CE vs. LT vs. DW: 59.3±2.8 vs. 41.7±5.7 vs. 45.6±2.2%). When compared with the DW, the accuracy of performances during a working memory task in both males and females was higher in the CE and LT trials. The results suggested that during a short-term recovery, both LT and CE show certain beneficial effect in maintaining cognitive performance. However, CE appears to be more effective than LT and DW in rehydrating female participants.

Key words

dehydration - recovery - carbohydrate-electrolyte solution - sex - moderate intensity exercise
 

  • References

  • 1 Bilzon JLJ, Allsopp AJ, Williams C. Short-term recovery from prolonged constant pace running in a warm environment: the effectiveness of a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution. Eur J Appl Physiol 2000; 82: 305-312
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 2 Cian C, Barraud PA, Melin B, Raphel C. Effects of fluid ingestion on cognitive function after heat stress or exercise-induced dehydration. Int J Psychophysiol 2001; 42: 243-251
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 3 Cian C, Koulmann N, Barraud PA, Raphel C, Jimenez C, Melin B. Influences of variations in body hydration on cognitive function: effect of hyperhydration, heat stress, and exercise-induced dehydration. J Psychophysiol 2000; 14: 29-36
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 4 Collardeau M, Brisswalter J, Vercruyssen F, Audiffren M, Goubault C. Single and choice reaction time during prolonged exercise in trained subjects: influence of carbohydrate availability. Eur J Appl Physiol 2001; 86: 150-156
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 5 Collie A, Maruff P, Makdissi M, McCrory P, McStephen M, Darby D. CogSport: reliability and correlation with conventional cognitive tests used in postconcussion medical evaluations. Clin J Sport Med 2003; 13: 28
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 6 Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjostrom M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, Pratt M, Ekelund U, Yngve A, Sallis JF, Oja P. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35: 1381-1395
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 7 Davis JM, Bailey SP, Woods JA, Galiano FJ, Hamilton MT, Bartoli WP. Effects of carbohydrate feedings on plasma free tryptophan and branched-chain amino acids during prolonged cycling. Eur J Appl Physiol 1992; 65: 513-519
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 8 Dill DB, Costill DL. Calculation of percentage changes in volumes of blood, plasma, and red cells in dehydration. J Appl Physiol 1974; 37: 247-248
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 9 Eckner JT, Kutcher JS, Richardson JK. Pilot evaluation of a novel clinical test of reaction time in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football players. J Athl Train 2010; 45: 327-332
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 10 Evans GH, Shirreffs SM, Maughan RJ. Postexercise rehydration in man: The effects of osmolality and carbohydrate content of ingested drinks. Nutrition 2009; 25: 905-913
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 11 González-Alonso J, Mora-Rodríguez R, Coyle EF. Stroke volume during exercise: interaction of environment and hydration. Am J Physiol 2000; 278: H321-H330
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 12 Gopinathan PM, Pichan G, Sharma VM. Role of dehydration in heat stress-induced variations in mental performance. Arch Environ Health 1988; 43: 15-17
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 13 Gosselin N, Lassonde M, Petit D, Leclerc S, Mongrain V, Collie A, Montplaisir J. Sleep following sport-related concussions. Sleep Medicine 2009; 10: 35-46
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 14 Harriss DJ, Atkinson G. Ethical standards in sport and exercise science research: 2014 update. Int J Sports Med 2013; 34: 1025-1028
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 15 IOC . IOC consensus statement on sports nutrition 2010. J Sports Sci 2011; 29: S3-S4
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 16 James LJ, Clayton D, Evans GH. Effect of milk protein addition to a carbohydrate-electrolyte rehydration solution ingested after exercise in the heat. Br J Nutr 2011; 105: 393-399
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 17 James LJ, Gingell R, Evans GH. Whey protein addition to a carbohydrate-electrolyte rehydration solution ingested after exercise in the heat. J Athl Train 2012; 47: 61-66
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 18 Kaplan RJ, Greenwood CE, Winocur G, Wolever TMS. Cognitive performance is associated with glucose regulation in healthy elderly persons and can be enhanced with glucose and dietary carbohydrates. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 72: 825-836
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 19 Lieberman HR, Falco CM, Slade SS. Carbohydrate administration during a day of sustained aerobic activity improves vigilance, as assessed by a novel ambulatory monitoring device, and mood. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 76: 120-127
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 20 Maughan RJ. Fluid and electrolyte loss and replacement in exercise. J Sports Sci 1991; 9: 117-142
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 21 Maughan RJ. Impact of mild dehydration on wellness and on exercise performance. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003; 57: S19-S23
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 22 Maughan RJ, Shirreffs SM, Watson P. Exercise, heat, hydration and the brain. J Am Coll Nutr 2007; 26: S604-S612
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 23 Mitchell JB, Voss KW. The influence of volume on gastric emptying and fluid balance during prolonged exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1991; 23: 314-319
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 24 Nielsen B, Hyldig T, Bidstrup F, González-Alonso J, Christoffersen GRJ. Brain activity and fatigue during prolonged exercise in the heat. Pflügers Arch – Eur J Physiol 2001; 442: 41-48
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 25 Nose H, Mack GW, Shi XR, Nadel ER. Role of osmolality and plasma volume during rehydration in humans. J Appl Physiol 1988; 65: 325-331
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 26 Nybo L. CNS fatigue and prolonged exercise: effect of glucose supplementation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35: 589-594
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 27 Nybo L, Nielsen B. Hyperthermia and central fatigue during prolonged exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol 2001; 91: 1055-1060
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 28 Passe DH, Horn M, Stofan J, Murray R. Palatability and voluntary intake of sports beverages, diluted orange juice, and water during exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2004; 14: 272-284
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 29 Saat M, Singh R, Sirisinghe RG, Nawawi M. Rehydration after exercise with fresh young coconut water, carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage and plain water. J Physiol Anthropol Appl Hum Sci 2002; 21: 93-104
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 30 Sawka MN, Burke LM, Eichner ER, Maughan RJ, Montain SJ, Stachenfeld NS. Exercise and fluid replacement. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39: 377-390
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 31 Sharma VM, Sridharan K, Pichan G, Panwar MR. Influence of heat-stress induced dehydration on mental functions. Ergonomics 1986; 29: 791-799
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 32 Shirreffs SM, Aragon-Vargas LF, Keil M, Love TD, Phillips S. Rehydration after exercise in the heat: a comparison of 4 commonly used drinks. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2007; 17: 244-258
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 33 Shirreffs SM, Maughan RJ. Volume repletion after exercise-induced volume depletion in humans: replacement of water and sodium losses. Am J Physiol 1998; 274: F868-F875
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 34 Shirreffs SM, Sawka MN. Fluid and electrolyte needs for training, competition, and recovery. J Sports Sci 2011; 29: S39-S46
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 35 Tian L, Wang J, Yan C, He Y. Hemisphere- and gender-related differences in small-world brain networks: a resting-state functional MRI study. NeuroImage 2011; 54: 191-202
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 36 Wager TD, Phan KL, Liberzon I, Taylor SF. Valence, gender, and lateralization of functional brain anatomy in emotion: a meta-analysis of findings from neuroimaging. NeuroImage 2003; 19: 513-531
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 37 Watson P, Shirreffs SM, Maughan RJ. Blood-brain barrier integrity may be threatened by exercise in a warm environment. Am J Physiol 2005; 288: R1689-R1694
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 38 Wemple RD, Morocco TS, Mack GW. Influence of sodium replacement on fluid ingestion following exercise-induced dehydration. Int J Sport Nutr 1997; 7: 104-116
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 39 Wong SHS, Chen YJ. Effect of a carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage, lemon tea, or water on rehydration during short-term recovery from exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2011; 21: 300-310
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 40 Wong SHS, Williams C, Adams N. Effects of ingesting a large volume of carbohydrate-electrolyte solution on rehydration during recovery and subsequent exercise capacity. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2000; 10: 375-393
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar