Prävention von Zahnverletzungen durch Mundschutze

Zusammenfassung

Studien zeigen, dass unter Zahnärzten, Ärzten, Trainern und Sportlern weltweit wenig über die Möglichkeiten eines Schutzes vor sportbedingten Zahntraumata bekannt ist. Bei den meisten Sportarten besteht ein Risiko für orofaziale Verletzungen, wobei es am häufigsten zu Schädigungen der Zähne kommt. Ein im Zusammenhang mit einem Sportunfall erlittenes Schneidezahntrauma stellt hohe Anforderungen an Kieferorthopäden und Chirurgen, da es sowohl im Kindes- als auch im Erwachsenenalter einer umfassenden Diagnostik und Therapie bedarf. Speziell beim Verlust von Frontzähnen ist eine exakt aufeinander abgestimmte interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit besonders wichtig.

Mithilfe eines individuell angefertigten Mundschutzes lässt sich die Schwere orofazialer und dentaler Verletzungen verringern. Ein Sportlermundschutz mindert dabei die Stärke eines ­gegen die Zähne gerichteten Schlages und absorbiert die dabei übertragene Energie. Bei Kontaktsportarten ist das Tragen eines Mundschutzes sowohl beim Training als auch bei Wettkämpfen vorgeschrieben. Speziell Profisportler und Amateure mit vorstehenden oberen Schneidezähnen oder Träger von kieferorthopädischen Geräten sollten beim Sport einen Mundschutz tragen. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die einschlägige Literatur vor und ­erläutert die generellen Prinzipien für die Anfertigung eines individuellen Mundschutzes.

Abstract

Reports globally show that there is lack of information about prevention of sports related dental traumas in the communities of dentists, physicians, coaches and players. Most of the sports have the potential to cause orofacial injuries, and dental injuries are the most common type. Incisor trauma caused by accidental sports related dental injuries, places high demands on physicians in orthodontics, maxillofacial – and oral – surgery and requires comprehensive diagnostic and treatment in childhood and adulthood. Effective interdisciplinary teamwork is absolutely essential, especially when anterior teeth have been lost. Custom-made mouthguards reduce the severity of orofacial and dental injuries. The purpose of a sports mouthguard is to reduce the stresses and absorb the energy generated by the impact to the teeth. Mouthguards are mandatory in contact sports, and must be used during practice – and game – days. Especially professional and/or amateur sportsmen and children with protruded upper incisors and orthodontic braces should use a mouthguard. This article reviews the literature and explains the general principles of fabricating a custom-made mouthguard.

Schlüsselwörter

Sportlermundschutz - individuell gefertigter ­Mundschutz - Sportverletzungen - Prävention - Trauma - EVA-Platte - Tiefziehgerät

Key words

sports mouthguard - custom-made mouthguard - sports related injuries - prevention - trauma - EVA sheet - vacuum-forming machine

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