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Krankenhaushygiene up2date 2014; 09(03): 185-197
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1377787
Nosokomiale Infektionen
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Nosokomiale Gastroenteritiden: Stuhldiagnostik zur Prävention und optimierten Therapie

Frauke Mattner
,
Sabine Messler
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Publication Date:
02 October 2014 (online)

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Kernaussagen

  • Nosokomiale Enteritiden sind ein über die Jahre zunehmendes Problem in Krankenhäusern.

  • Zahlreiche Erreger aus der Gruppe der Viren, Bakterien und Parasiten können eine infektiöse Gastroenteritis auslösen. Aufgrund der Symptomatik sind jedoch meistens keine Rückschlüsse auf den verursachenden Erreger möglich.

  • Eine differenzierte mikrobiologische Diagnostik bildet die Basis für Therapieentscheidungen sowohl für den individuellen Patienten als auch zur Verhinderung von Erregerübertragungen im krankenhaushygienischen Sinne.

  • Die größte Bedeutung als Erreger nosokomialer Enteritiden besitzen Noroviren und Clostridium difficile, deren Nachweismethoden hier detailliert beschrieben werden.

  • Die Datenlage zu Doppelinfektionen ist noch dünn.

  • Darüber hinaus werden die Anforderungen an eine zeitgemäße und krankenhaushygienisch erforderliche Stuhldiagnostik dargelegt:

    • gleichzeitige Testung auf die wichtigsten Erreger,

    • zeitnahe Testung,

    • Anwendung von Methoden, die im klinischen Betrieb hinreichend validiert sind.

 

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