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Synlett 2014; 25(20): 2938-2942
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1379483
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1379483
letter
Cyanation of Unactivated Aryl Chlorides and Aryl Mesylates Catalyzed by Palladium and Hemilabile MOP-Type Ligands
Further Information
Publication History
Received: 09 July 2014
Accepted after revision: 28 September 2014
Publication Date:
21 October 2014 (online)
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl halides and pseudo halides with potassium hexacyanoferrate is described employing the hemilabile, bulky, and electron-rich MOP-type ligands. When the mixture of t-BuOH and H2O was used as the solvent and K2CO3 as the base, the MOP-type ligands showed high efficiency for the palladium-catalyzed cyanation. The effect of ligand structure was studied in detail, and 2-di-tert-butylphosphino-2′-isopropoxy-1,1′-binaphthyl was the more effective for the cyanation. The catalyst system allows the cyanation of unactivated aryl chlorides, and even aryl mesylates to occur in good yields. Furthermore, the reactivity of different arylated reagents in the catalytic system was found to be: ArBr > ArCl >> ArOMs > ArOSO2Im > ArOSO2NMe2.
Supporting Information
- for this article is available online at http://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/journal/ 10.1055/s-00000083.
- Supporting Information
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- 27 General Procedures for the Cyanation of Aryl Chlorides and Mesylates An oven-dried Schlenk tube was evacuated and backfilled with nitrogen. The Schlenk tube was charged with Pd(OAc)2 (4.5 mg, 0.02 mmol ), L1 (36.5 mg, 0.08 mmol), PhB(OH)2 (6.1 mg, 0.05 mmol), and t-BuOH (2 mL), and the mixture was stirred for half hour at 50 °C. After cooling to r.t., aryl chloride or mesylates (1.00 mmol), K4[Fe(CN)6]·3H2O (211.2 mg, 0.50 mmol), K2CO3 (138.2 mg, 1.00 mmol), and H2O (2 mL) were added. The septum was replaced with an inside reflux condenser, and then the Schlenk tube was placed in an oil bath preheated to 100 °C (120 °C for aryl mesylates) with stirring for 6 h (24 h for aryl mesylates). Then the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to r.t., extracted with CH2Cl2, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by column chromatography on silica gel.4-(tert-Butyl)benzonitrile (2a) The crude material was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with PE–EtOAc, 20:1) to give the compound as yellow oil (127.4 mg, 80%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.61–7.57 (m, 2 H), 7.50–7.46 (m, 2 H), 1.33 (s, 9 H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 156.4, 131.7, 126.0, 118.9, 109.1, 35.1, 30.8.