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DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1391347
Neue Therapieoptionen zur Behandlung der Lungenembolie: Studienlage und Stellenwert der direkten oralen Antikoagulantien
New Therapeutic Approaches to Pulmonary Embolism: Trials' Results and Significance of Direct Oral AnticoagulantsPublikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
10. Februar 2015 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Die akute venöse Thromboembolie (VTE) gehört zu den häufigsten Notfällen. Entscheidend für das initiale diagnostische und therapeutische Vorgehen bei vermuteter akuter Lungenembolie ist das Vorliegen eines Schocks bzw. einer Hypotonie. Die Dauer der oralen Antikoagulation wird dann mindestens drei Monate empfohlen; bei unprovozierter Lungenembolie und niedrigem Blutungsrisiko ist die unbefristete Antikoagulation zu erwägen. Dabei sind zur Behandlung der VTE sowie Prophylaxe von rezidivierenden Ereignissen mittlerweile auch neue bzw. direkte orale Antikoagulantien alternativ zu Vitamin-K-Antagonisten zugelassen. Die vorliegende Arbeit diskutiert den Wirkmechanismus, die aktuelle Studienlage und die Zulassungen von Rivaroxaban, Dabigatran, Apixaban und Edoxaban in dieser Indikation und berücksichtigt dabei die neue Lungenembolie-Leitlinie der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie sowie ihre praxisrelevante Umsetzung.
Abstract
Venous thromboembolisms (VTE) are frequently encountered emergencies that sometimes run a fatal course. Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) are based on the presence of shock and hypotension. Oral anticoagulation is recommended for at least three months, extended anticoagulation should be considered for patients with unprovoked PE and low bleeding risk. As an alternative to vitamin K antagonists, direct oral anticoagulants are recommended. The present review discusses the mode of action, current data, and the status of rivaroxaban, dabigatran, apixaban and edoxaban in the treatment of PE – taking into account the new guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology and their clinical implementation.
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