Transsternal Thymectomy

Giulio Maurizi; Antonio D'Andrilli; Lorenzo Sommella; Federico Venuta; Erino A. Rendina

doi:10.1055/s-0034-1396083

The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 63(03): 178-186
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1396083

Review

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Transsternal Thymectomy

Giulio Maurizi

¹Department of Thoracic Surgery, University La Sapienza, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy

,

Antonio D'Andrilli

¹Department of Thoracic Surgery, University La Sapienza, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy

,

Lorenzo Sommella

²Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy

,

Federico Venuta

³Department of Thoracic Surgery, University La Sapienza, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy

⁴Lorillard Spencer-Cenci Foundation, Rome, Italy

,

Erino A. Rendina

¹Department of Thoracic Surgery, University La Sapienza, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy

⁴Lorillard Spencer-Cenci Foundation, Rome, Italy

› Institutsangaben

Abstract

Alle Artikel dieser Rubrik

Abstract

Thymectomy is a well-established indication for management of myasthenia gravis and it represents the most effective treatment for thymic tumors. The traditional surgical approach is median sternotomy. More recently, different less-invasive surgical approaches for thymectomy have been proposed as an alternative to open surgery. This article discusses the main technical aspects and results of literature.

Keywords

transsternal thymectomy - thymoma - myasthenia gravis

Volltext

Referenzen

References
1 Daniel VC, Wright CD. Extended transsternal thymectomy. Thorac Surg Clin 2010; 20 (2) 245-252
2 Cea G, Benatar M, Verdugo RJ, Salinas RA. Thymectomy for non-thymomatous myasthenia gravis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 10: CD008111
3 Davenport E, Malthaner RA. The role of surgery in the management of thymoma: a systematic review. Ann Thorac Surg 2008; 86 (2) 673-684
4 Venuta F, Rendina EA, Anile M, de Giacomo T, Vitolo D, Coloni GF. Thymoma and thymic carcinoma. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 60 (1) 1-12
5 Wang LS, Huang MH, Lin TS, Huang BS, Chien KY. Malignant thymoma. Cancer 1992; 70 (2) 443-450
6 Deeb ME, Brinster CJ, Kucharzuk J, Shrager JB, Kaiser LR. Expanded indications for transcervical thymectomy in the management of anterior mediastinal masses. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 72 (1) 208-211
7 Shrager JB. Extended transcervical thymectomy: the ultimate minimally invasive approach. Ann Thorac Surg 2010; 89 (6) S2128-S2134
8 Wei B, D'Amico TA. Thoracoscopic versus robotic approaches: advantages and disadvantages. Thorac Surg Clin 2014; 24 (2) 177-188 , vi
9 Schwartz GS, Yang SC. Robotic thymectomy for thymic neoplasms. Thorac Surg Clin 2014; 24 (2) 197-201 , vii
10 Ismail M, Swierzy M, Rückert RI, Rückert JC. Robotic thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. Thorac Surg Clin 2014; 24 (2) 189-195 , vi–vii
11 Venuta F, de Giacomo T, Andreetti C, Furio Coloni G. Transsternal thymoma resection. Multimed Man Cardiothorac Surg 2005; 2005 (425) 000182
12 Keshavjee S, Finley C. The Optimal Approach for Resection of Encapsulated Thymoma: Open versus VATS. Difficult Decision in Thoracic Surgery. London: Springer-Verlag; 2011
13 Kaminski HJ. Myastenia Gravis and Related Disorders. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2003
14 Newson-Davis J, Beeson D. Myasthenia Gravis and Myasthenic Syndromes: Autoimmune and Genetic Disorders. Disorders of Voluntary Muscle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2001: 660-675
15 Monden Y, Nakahara K, Kagotani K, Fujii Y, Masaoka A, Kawashima Y. Myasthenia gravis with thymoma: analysis of and postoperative prognosis for 65 patients with thymomatous myasthenia gravis. Ann Thorac Surg 1984; 38 (1) 46-52
16 Davis Jr RD, Oldham Jr HN, Sabiston Jr DC. Primary cysts and neoplasms of the mediastinum: recent changes in clinical presentation, methods of diagnosis, management, and results. Ann Thorac Surg 1987; 44 (3) 229-237
17 Mullen B, Richardson JD. Primary anterior mediastinal tumors in children and adults. Ann Thorac Surg 1986; 42 (3) 338-345
18 Valli M, Fabris GA, Dewar A , et al. Atypical carcinoid tumour of the thymus: a study of eight cases. Histopathology 1994; 24 (4) 371-375
19 Detterbeck F, Parsons AM. Thymic Tumors: A Review of Current Diagnosis, Classification, and Treatment. Thoracic and Esophageal Surgery. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2008: 1589-1614
20 Regnard J-F, Magdeleinat P, Dromer C , et al. Prognostic factors and long-term results after thymoma resection: a series of 307 patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1996; 112 (2) 376-384
21 Jaretzki III A. Thymectomy for myasthenia gravis: analysis of controversies regarding technique and results. Neurology 1997; 48 (Suppl. 05) S52-S63
22 Jaretzki III A, Penn AS, Younger DS , et al. “Maximal” thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. Results. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1988; 95 (5) 747-757
23 Jaretzki III A, Wolff M. “Maximal” thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. Surgical anatomy and operative technique. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1988; 96 (5) 711-716
24 Ye B, Tantai JC, Ge XX , et al. Surgical techniques for early-stage thymoma: video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy versus transsternal thymectomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 147 (5) 1599-1603
25 Yuan ZY, Cheng GY, Sun KL , et al. Comparative study of video-assisted thoracic surgery versus open thymectomy for thymoma in one single center. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6 (6) 726-733
26 Jurado J, Javidfar J, Newmark A , et al. Minimally invasive thymectomy and open thymectomy: outcome analysis of 263 patients. Ann Thorac Surg 2012; 94 (3) 974-981 , discussion 981–982
27 Pennathur A, Qureshi I, Schuchert MJ , et al. Comparison of surgical techniques for early-stage thymoma: feasibility of minimally invasive thymectomy and comparison with open resection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 141 (3) 694-701
28 Diaz A, Black E, Dunning J. Is thymectomy in non-thymomatous myasthenia gravis of any benefit?. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014; 18 (3) 381-389
29 Bacha EA, Chapelier AR, Macchiarini P, Fadel E, Dartevelle PG. Surgery for invasive primary mediastinal tumors. Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 66 (1) 234-239
30 Chen KN, Xu SF, Gu ZD , et al. Surgical treatment of complex malignant anterior mediastinal tumors invading the superior vena cava. World J Surg 2006; 30 (2) 162-170
31 Baskett RJ, MacDougall CE, Ross DB. Is mediastinitis a preventable complication? A 10-year review. Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 67 (2) 462-465
32 Demmy TL, Park SB, Liebler GA , et al. Recent experience with major sternal wound complications. Ann Thorac Surg 1990; 49 (3) 458-462
33 Weber LD, Peters RW. Delayed chest wall complications of median sternotomy. South Med J 1986; 79 (6) 723-727
34 D'Andrilli A, Ciccone AM, Ibrahim M, Venuta F, Rendina EA. A new technique for prosthetic reconstruction of the superior vena cava. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 132 (1) 192-194
35 Penn AS. Thymectomy for Myasthenia Gravis. Handbook of Myasthenia Gravis and Myasthenic Syndrome. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1994: 321-339
36 Buzzard EF. The clinical history and postmortem examination of five cases of myasthenia gravis. Brain 1905; 28: 438-483
37 Sonett JR, Jaretzki III A. Thymectomy for nonthymomatous myasthenia gravis: a critical analysis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1132: 315-328
38 Gronseth GS, Barohn RJ. Practice parameter: thymectomy for autoimmune myasthenia gravis (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2000; 55 (1) 7-15
39 Lanska DJ. Indications for thymectomy in myasthenia gravis. Neurology 1990; 40 (12) 1828-1829
40 Jaretzki III A, Barohn RJ, Ernstoff RM , et al; Task Force of the Medical Scientific Advisory Board of the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America. Myasthenia gravis: recommendations for clinical research standards. Neurology 2000; 55 (1) 16-23
41 Mantegazza R, Baggi F, Bernasconi P , et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic extended thymectomy and extended transsternal thymectomy (T-3b) in non-thymomatous myasthenia gravis patients: remission after 6 years of follow-up. J Neurol Sci 2003; 212 (1–2) 31-36
42 Chang PC, Chou SH, Kao EL , et al. Bilateral video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy vs. extended transsternal thymectomy in myasthenia gravis: a prospective study. Eur Surg Res 2005; 37 (4) 199-203
43 Maggi L, Andreetta F, Antozzi C , et al. Thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis: outcome, clinical and pathological correlations in 197 patients on a 20-year experience. J Neuroimmunol 2008; 201-202: 237-244, 237–244
44 Lin MW, Chang YL, Huang PM, Lee YC. Thymectomy for non-thymomatous myasthenia gravis: a comparison of surgical methods and analysis of prognostic factors. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2010; 37 (1) 7-12
45 Masaoka A, Monden Y, Nakahara K, Tanioka T. Follow-up study of thymomas with special reference to their clinical stages. Cancer 1981; 48 (11) 2485-2492
46 Pan C-C, Wu H-P, Yang C-F, Chen WY, Chiang H. The clinicopathological correlation of epithelial subtyping in thymoma: a study of 112 consecutive cases. Hum Pathol 1994; 25 (9) 893-899
47 Maggi G, Casadio C, Cavallo A, Cianci R, Molinatti M, Ruffini E. Thymoma: results of 241 operated cases. Ann Thorac Surg 1991; 51 (1) 152-156
48 Verley JM, Hollmann KH. Thymoma. A comparative study of clinical stages, histologic features, and survival in 200 cases. Cancer 1985; 55 (5) 1074-1086
49 Kondo K, Yoshizawa K, Tsuyuguchi M , et al. WHO histologic classification is a prognostic indicator in thymoma. Ann Thorac Surg 2004; 77 (4) 1183-1188
50 Park MS, Chung KY, Kim KD , et al. Prognosis of thymic epithelial tumors according to the new World Health Organization histologic classification. Ann Thorac Surg 2004; 78 (3) 992-997 , discussion 997–998
51 Chen G, Marx A, Chen WH , et al. New WHO histologic classification predicts prognosis of thymic epithelial tumors: a clinicopathologic study of 200 thymoma cases from China. Cancer 2002; 95 (2) 420-429
52 Ströbel P, Bauer A, Puppe B , et al. Tumor recurrence and survival in patients treated for thymomas and thymic squamous cell carcinomas: a retrospective analysis. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22 (8) 1501-1509
53 Nakahara K, Ohno K, Hashimoto J , et al. Thymoma: results with complete resection and adjuvant postoperative irradiation in 141 consecutive patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1988; 95 (6) 1041-1047
54 Wilkins KB, Sheikh E, Green R , et al. Clinical and pathologic predictors of survival in patients with thymoma. Ann Surg 1999; 230 (4) 562-572 , discussion 572–574
55 Elert O, Buchwald J, Wolf K. Epithelial thymus tumors—therapy and prognosis. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1988; 36 (2) 109-113
56 Ogawa K, Uno T, Toita T , et al. Postoperative radiotherapy for patients with completely resected thymoma: a multi-institutional, retrospective review of 103 patients. Cancer 2002; 94 (5) 1405-1413
57 Blumberg D, Port JL, Weksler B , et al. Thymoma: a multivariate analysis of factors predicting survival. Ann Thorac Surg 1995; 60 (4) 908-913 , discussion 914
58 Okumura M, Ohta M, Tateyama H , et al. The World Health Organization histologic classification system reflects the oncologic behavior of thymoma: a clinical study of 273 patients. Cancer 2002; 94 (3) 624-632
59 Maggi G, Giaccone G, Donadio M , et al. Thymomas. A review of 169 cases, with particular reference to results of surgical treatment. Cancer 1986; 58 (3) 765-776
60 Okumura M, Miyoshi S, Takeuchi Y , et al. Results of surgical treatment of thymomas with special reference to the involved organs. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999; 117 (3) 605-613
61 Lewis JE, Wick MR, Scheithauer BW, Bernatz PE, Taylor WF. Thymoma. A clinicopathologic review. Cancer 1987; 60 (11) 2727-2743
62 Myojin M, Choi NC, Wright CD , et al. Stage III thymoma: pattern of failure after surgery and postoperative radiotherapy and its implication for future study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000; 46 (4) 927-933
63 Rea F, Marulli G, Girardi R , et al. Long-term survival and prognostic factors in thymic epithelial tumours. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2004; 26 (2) 412-418
64 Wilkins Jr EW, Grillo HC, Scannell JG, Moncure AC, Mathisen DJ. J. Maxwell Chamberlain Memorial Paper. Role of staging in prognosis and management of thymoma. Ann Thorac Surg 1991; 51 (6) 888-892
65 Crucitti F, Doglietto GB, Bellantone R, Perri V, Tommasini O, Tonali P. Effects of surgical treatment in thymoma with myasthenia gravis: our experience in 103 patients. J Surg Oncol 1992; 50 (1) 43-46
66 Kirschner PA. Reoperation for thymoma: report of 23 cases. Ann Thorac Surg 1990; 49 (4) 550-554 , discussion 555
67 Zhu G, He S, Fu X, Jiang G, Liu T. Radiotherapy and prognostic factors for thymoma: a retrospective study of 175 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004; 60 (4) 1113-1119
68 Nakagawa K, Asamura H, Matsuno Y , et al. Thymoma: a clinicopathologic study based on the new World Health Organization classification. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 126 (4) 1134-1140
69 D'Andrilli A, Venuta F, Rendina EA. Surgical approaches for invasive tumors of the anterior mediastinum. Thorac Surg Clin 2010; 20 (2) 265-284
70 Fujino S, Tezuka N, Watarida S, Katsuyama K, Inoue S, Mori A. Reconstruction of the aortic arch in invasive thymoma under retrograde cerebral perfusion. Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 66 (1) 263-264
71 Cheng YJ. Videothoracoscopic resection of encapsulated thymic carcinoma: retrospective comparison of the results between thoracoscopy and open methods. Ann Surg Oncol 2008; 15 (8) 2235-2238
72 Sakamaki Y, Oda T, Kanazawa G, Shimokawa T, Kido T, Shiono H. Intermediate-term oncologic outcomes after video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy for early-stage thymoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 148 (4) 1230-1237.e1
73 Limmer KK, Kernstine KH. Minimally invasive and robotic-assisted thymus resection. Thorac Surg Clin 2011; 21 (1) 69-83 , vii
74 Marulli G, Rea F, Melfi F , et al. Robot-aided thoracoscopic thymectomy for early-stage thymoma: a multicenter European study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 144 (5) 1125-1130
75 Manoly I, Whistance RN, Sreekumar R , et al. Early and mid-term outcomes of trans-sternal and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for thymoma. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 45 (6) e187-e193
76 Liu TJ, Lin MW, Hsieh MS , et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical thymectomy to treat early thymoma: a comparison with the conventional transsternal approach. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21 (1) 322-328
77 Detterbeck FC, Parsons AM. Management of stage I and II thymoma. Thorac Surg Clin 2011; 21 (1) 59-67 , vi–vii
78 Haniuda M, Miyazawa M, Yoshida K , et al. Is postoperative radiotherapy for thymoma effective?. Ann Surg 1996; 224 (2) 219-224
79 Urgesi A, Monetti U, Rossi G, Ricardi U, Maggi G, Sannazzari GL. Aggressive treatment of intrathoracic recurrences of thymoma. Radiother Oncol 1992; 24 (4) 221-225
80 Pompeo E, Tacconi F, Massa R, Mineo D, Nahmias S, Mineo TC. Long-term outcome of thoracoscopic extended thymectomy for nonthymomatous myasthenia gravis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2009; 36 (1) 164-169