The Impact of Partial Vascular Occlusion on Oxidative Stress Markers during Resistance Exercise

R. S. Garten; A. Goldfarb; B. Crabb; J. Waller

doi:10.1055/s-0034-1396827

International Journal of Sports Medicine, Table of Contents

Int J Sports Med 2015; 36(07): 542-549
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1396827

Physiology & Biochemistry

The Impact of Partial Vascular Occlusion on Oxidative Stress Markers during Resistance Exercise

R. S. Garten

¹Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, United States

,

A. Goldfarb

²Department of Kinesiology, UNC Greensboro, Greensboro, United States

,

B. Crabb

³Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, United States

,

J. Waller

²Department of Kinesiology, UNC Greensboro, Greensboro, United States

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

This study sought to examine the effects of partial vascular occlusion (PVO) on oxidative stress markers in response to resistance exercise and at rest in young resistance-trained males. 12 resistance-trained males performed 6 conditions in random counterbalanced order: rest (R), low-intensity (LIRE: 30% 1RM) and moderate-intensity (MIRE: 70% 1RM) resistance exercise with or without PVO. Blood samples were obtained before and immediately after each condition and plasma protein carbonyls (PC), glutathione ratio, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and xanthine oxidase (XO) were evaluated. The addition of PVO resulted in significantly greater plasma PC and glutathione ratio in the rest condition. During LIRE the addition of PVO significantly attenuated plasma PC. The MIRE condition, independent of PVO, resulted in significantly higher PC concentration and glutathione ratio compared to the rest and LIRE conditions. The addition of PVO during MIRE resulted in a significant increase in PC. Thus, this study revealed that PVO increased oxidative stress at rest and enhanced the oxidative stress response to MIRE, but when combined with LIRE oxidative stress was attenuated. These findings suggest that the utilization of PVO during LIRE may alter ROS-induced accumulation in the blood which may influence cellular signaling.

Key words

glutathione - protein carbonyl - xanthine oxidase

Full Text

References

References
1 Abbey EL, Rankin JW. Effect of quercetin supplementation on repeated-sprint performance, xanthine oxidase activity, and inflammation. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2011; 21: 91-96
2 Abe T, Kearns CF, Sato Y. Muscle size and strength are increased following walk training with restricted venous blood flow from the leg muscle, Kaatsu-walk training. J Appl Physiol 2006; 100: 1460-1466
3 Alessio HM, Hagerman AE, Fulkerson BK, Ambrose J, Rice RE, Wiley RL. Generation of reactive oxygen species after exhaustive aerobic and isometric exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32: 1576-1581
4 Amundsen BH, Wisloff U, Helgerud J, Hoff J, Slordahl SA. Ultrasound recorded axillary artery blood flow during elbow-flexion exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002; 34: 1288-1293
5 Birukov KG. Cyclic stretch, reactive oxygen species, and vascular remodeling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11: 1651-1667
6 Bloomer RJ, Davis PG, Consitt LA, Wideman L. Plasma protein carbonyl response to increasing exercise duration in aerobically trained men and women. Int J Sports Med 2007; 28: 21-25
7 Bloomer RJ, Ferebee DE, Fisher-Wellman KH, Quindry JC, Schilling BK. Postprandial oxidative stress: influence of sex and exercise training status. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41: 2111-2119
8 Bloomer RJ, Fry AC, Falvo MJ, Moore CA. Protein carbonyls are acutely elevated following single set anaerobic exercise in resistance-trained men. J Sci Med Sport 2007; 10: 411-417
9 Burgomaster KA, Moore DR, Schofield LM, Phillips SM, Sale DG, Gibala MJ. Resistance training with vascular occlusion: metabolic adaptations in human muscle. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35: 1203-1208
10 Fujita S, Abe T, Drummond MJ, Cadenas JG, Dreyer HC, Sato Y, Volpi E, Rasmussen BB. Blood flow restriction during low-intensity resistance exercise increases S6K1 phosphorylation and muscle protein synthesis. J Appl Physiol 2007; 103: 903-910
11 Glass DJ. Signalling pathways that mediate skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy. Nat Cell Biol 2003; 5: 87-90
12 Goldfarb AH, Garten RS, Chee PD, Cho C, Reeves GV, Hollander DB, Thomas C, Aboudehen KS, Francois M, Kraemer RR. Resistance exercise effects on blood glutathione status and plasma protein carbonyls: influence of partial vascular occlusion. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008; 104: 813-819
13 Gomes EC, Silva AN, de Oliveira MR. Oxidants, antioxidants, and the beneficial roles of exercise-induced production of reactive species. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2012; 2012: 756132
14 Gomez-Cabrera MC, Borras C, Pallardo FV, Sastre J, Ji LL, Vina J. Decreasing xanthine oxidase-mediated oxidative stress prevents useful cellular adaptations to exercise in rats. J Physiol 2005; 567 (Pt 1) 113-120
15 Gomez-Cabrera MC, Domenech E, Vina J. Moderate exercise is an antioxidant: upregulation of antioxidant genes by training. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44: 126-131
16 Harriss DJ, Atkinson G. Ethical standards in sport and exercise science research: 2014 update. Int J Sports Med 2013; 34: 1025-1028
17 Ho JY, Kraemer WJ, Volek JS, Fragala MS, Thomas GA, Dunn-Lewis C, Coday M, Hakkinen K, Maresh CM. l-Carnitine l-tartrate supplementation favorably affects biochemical markers of recovery from physical exertion in middle-aged men and women. Metabolism 2010; 59: 1190-1199
18 Hudson MB, Hosick PA, McCaulley GO, Schrieber L, Wrieden J, McAnulty SR, Triplett NT, McBride JM, Quindry JC. The effect of resistance exercise on humoral markers of oxidative stress. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008; 40: 542-548
19 Kang C, O’Moore KM, Dickman JR, Ji LL. Exercise activation of muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha signaling is redox sensitive. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47: 1394-1400
20 Karabulut M, Cramer JT, Abe T, Sato Y, Bemben MG. Neuromuscular fatigue following low-intensity dynamic exercise with externally applied vascular restriction. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2010; 20: 440-447
21 Kosmidou I, Vassilakopoulos T, Xagorari A, Zakynthinos S, Papapetropoulos A, Roussos C. Production of interleukin-6 by skeletal myotubes: role of reactive oxygen species. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2002; 26: 587-593
22 Kramer HF, Goodyear LJ. Exercise, MAPK, and NF-kappaB signaling in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 2007; 103: 388-395
23 Levine RL, Williams JA, Stadtman ER, Shacter E. Carbonyl assays for determination of oxidatively modified proteins. Methods Enzymol 1994; 233: 346-357
24 McDonagh MJ, Davies CT. Adaptive response of mammalian skeletal muscle to exercise with high loads. Eur J Appl Physiol 1984; 52: 139-155
25 Moore DR, Burgomaster KA, Schofield LM, Gibala MJ, Sale DG, Phillips SM. Neuromuscular adaptations in human muscle following low-intensity resistance training with vascular occlusion. Eur J Appl Physiol 2004; 92: 399-406
26 Ou B, Hampsch-Woodill M, Prior RL. Development and validation of an improved oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay using fluorescein as the fluorescent probe. J Agric Food Chem 2001; 49: 4619-4626
27 Ozyurt B, Iraz M, Koca K, Ozyurt H, Sahin S. Protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 292: 197-203
28 Pattwell D, Ashton T, McArdle A, Griffiths RD, Jackson MJ. Ischemia and reperfusion of skeletal muscle lead to the appearance of a stable lipid free radical in the circulation. Am J Physiol 2003; 284: H2400-H2404
29 Powers SK, Duarte J, Kavazis AN, Talbert EE. Reactive oxygen species are signalling molecules for skeletal muscle adaptation. Exp Physiol 2010; 95: 1-9
30 Ramel A, Wagner KH, Elmadfa I. Plasma antioxidants and lipid oxidation after submaximal resistance exercise in men. Eur J Nutr 2004; 43: 2-6
31 Reeves GV, Kraemer RR, Hollander DB, Clavier J, Thomas C, Francois M, Castracane VD. Comparison of hormone responses following light resistance exercise with partial vascular occlusion and moderately difficult resistance exercise without occlusion. J Appl Physiol 2006; 101: 1616-1622
32 Rietjens SJ, Beelen M, Koopman R, VANL LJ, Bast A, Haenen GR. A single session of resistance exercise induces oxidative damage in untrained men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39: 2145-2151
33 Rodriguez MC, Rosenfeld J, Tarnopolsky MA. Plasma malondialdehyde increases transiently after ischemic forearm exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35: 1859-1865
34 Serrano AL, Baeza-Raja B, Perdiguero E, Jardi M, Munoz-Canoves P. Interleukin-6 is an essential regulator of satellite cell-mediated skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Cell Metab 2008; 7: 33-44
35 Spiering BA, Kraemer WJ, Hatfield DL, Vingren JL, Fragala MS, Ho JY, Thomas GA, Hakkinen K, Volek JS. Effects of L-carnitine L-tartrate supplementation on muscle oxygenation responses to resistance exercise. J Strength Cond Res 2008; 22: 1130-1135
36 Suga T, Okita K, Takada S, Omokawa M, Kadoguchi T, Yokota T, Hirabayashi K, Takahashi M, Morita N, Horiuchi M, Kinugawa S, Tsutsui H. Effect of multiple set on intramuscular metabolic stress during low-intensity resistance exercise with blood flow restriction. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 112: 3915-3920
37 Takarada Y, Nakamura Y, Aruga S, Onda T, Miyazaki S, Ishii N. Rapid increase in plasma growth hormone after low-intensity resistance exercise with vascular occlusion. J Appl Physiol 2000; 88: 61-65
38 Takarada Y, Sato Y, Ishii N. Effects of resistance exercise combined with vascular occlusion on muscle function in athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2002; 86: 308-314
39 Takarada Y, Takazawa H, Sato Y, Takebayashi S, Tanaka Y, Ishii N. Effects of resistance exercise combined with moderate vascular occlusion on muscular function in humans. J Appl Physiol 2000; 88: 2097-2106
40 Takarada Y, Tsuruta T, Ishii N. Cooperative effects of exercise and occlusive stimuli on muscular function in low-intensity resistance exercise with moderate vascular occlusion. Jpn J Physiol 2004; 54: 585-592
41 Touyz RM, Briones AM. Reactive oxygen species and vascular biology: implications in human hypertension. Hypertens Res 2011; 34: 5-14
42 Uchiyama S, Tsukamoto H, Yoshimura S, Tamaki T. Relationship between oxidative stress in muscle tissue and weight-lifting-induced muscle damage. Pflugers Arch 2006; 452: 109-116
43 Veskoukis AS, Nikolaidis MG, Kyparos A, Kouretas D. Blood reflects tissue oxidative stress depending on biomarker and tissue studied. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47: 1371-1374
44 Vezzoli M, Castellani P, Corna G, Castiglioni A, Bosurgi L, Monno A, Brunelli S, Manfredi AA, Rubartelli A, Rovere-Querini P. High-mobility group box 1 release and redox regulation accompany regeneration and remodeling of skeletal muscle. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15: 2161-2174
45 Walther G, Nottin S, Dauzat M, Obert P. Femoral and axillary ultrasound blood flow during exercise: a methodological study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006; 38: 1353-1361
46 Wernbom M, Jarrebring R, Andreasson MA, Augustsson J. Acute effects of blood flow restriction on muscle activity and endurance during fatiguing dynamic knee extensions at low load. J Strength Cond Res 2009; 23: 2389-2395
47 You T, Goldfarb AH, Bloomer RJ, Nguyen L, Sha X, McKenzie MJ. Oxidative stress response in normal and antioxidant supplemented rats to a downhill run: changes in blood and skeletal muscles. Can J Appl Physiol 2005; 30: 677-689
48 Zembron-Lacny A, Ostapiuk J, Slowinska-Lisowska M, Witkowski K, Szyszka K. Pro-antioxidant ratio in healthy men exposed to muscle-damaging resistance exercise. J Physiol Biochem 2008; 64: 27-35