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DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1547271
Spindelzellige Weichgewebstumoren des Para- u. Retropharyngealraums: 5 Patienten, Literaturübersicht
Spindlecell Soft Tissue Tumors of Para- and Retropharyngeal Space: 5 Patients, Review of LiteraturePublication History
Publication Date:
07 May 2015 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Der Parapharyngealraum (PPR) ist der klinischen Untersuchung aufgrund seiner komplexen Anatomie schlecht zugänglich. Neoplasien in diesem Bereich sind selten, werden spät symptomatisch und im fortgeschrittenen Stadium diagnostiziert. Es werden multiple Entitäten differenziert, wobei maligne mesenchymale Tumore ungewöhnlich sind.
Patienten: Wir schildern charakteristische Verlaufsformen spindelzelliger Weichgewebstumore im PPR anhand von 5 Patienten: 2 Fälle eines Synovialsarkomes (SyS), 2 Fälle eines malignen peripheren Nervenscheidentumors (MPNST) ohne Neurofibromatose, 1 Fall eines Ektomesenchymomes (EM).
Ergebnisse: Bei beiden Patienten mit SyS zeigte sich unter multimodaler Therapie mittels Operation, Chemotherapie und Radiatio eine schnelle Tumorprogredienz und frühe pulmonale Metastasierung. Die beiden Patientinnen mit MPNST waren nach Tumorresektion und in einem der Fälle adjuvanter Radiatio rezidivfrei. Die Patientin mit EM zeigte nach operativer Resektion bisher kein Rezidiv.
Schlussfolgerung: Da maligne mesenchymale Tumore des PPR ungewöhnlich sind und nicht das typische Metastasierungsverhalten epithelialer Neoplasien oder maligner Lymphome aufweisen, kann sich die Diagnosestellung verzögern. Es ist wichtig bei atypischen Raumforderungen im PPR an die Möglichkeit eines Weichgewebstumors zu denken und die diagnostischen Schritte zu veranlassen. Die Bildgebung der Wahl zur Darstellung des PPR ist die MRT, nach Diagnosestellung ist ein an die Entität adaptiertes Staging notwendig. Die histologische Differenzierung mittels Immunhistochemie und Molekulargenetik ist aufwendig, stellt aber eine entscheidende Voraussetzung zur Festlegung der optimalen Therapie dar. Diagnostik und Therapie sollten daher in einem spezialisierten Zentrum erfolgen.
Abstract
Background: The parapharyngeal space (PPR) is poorly accessible to clinical investigation due to its complex anatomy. Neoplasms in this area are rare, become lately symptomatic and are diagnosed in advanced stages. Multiple entities can be differentiated though malignant mesenchymal tumors are uncommon.
Patients: We describe characteristic course of spindle cell soft tissue tumors in PPR based on 5 patients: 2 cases of synovial sarkoma (SyS), 2 cases of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) without neurofibromatosis, 1 case of Ektomesenchymoma (EM).
Results: Both patients with SyS showed under multimodal therapy with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy a rapid tumor progression and early pulmonary metastatic disease. The 2 patients with MPNST were free of recurrence after tumor resection and in one case after adjuvant radiotherapy. The patient with EM showed no recurrence after surgery.
Conclusion: Since malignant mesenchymal tumors of the PPR are unusual and also not have the typical behavior of metastatic epithelial neoplasms or malignant lymphoma, the diagnosis may be delayed. It is important to think in atypical lesions in PPR of the possibility of a soft tissue tumor and to arrange the necessary diagnostic steps. The imaging of choice of the PPR is the MRI, a staging adapted to the entity is necessary. The histological differentiation by immunohistochemistry and molecular genetics is complex, but is a vital to determine the optimal therapy. Diagnosis and treatment should take place in a specialized center.
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