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Int J Sports Med 2015; 36(12): 999-1007
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1548885
Training & Testing
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Typology of “Fatigue” by Heart Rate Variability Analysis in Elite Nordic-skiers

L. Schmitt
1   National Centre of Nordic-Ski, Research and Performance, Premanon, France
7   Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education (ISSUL), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
,
J. Regnard
2   Université de Franche-comte, Besancon, France
,
A. L. Parmentier
3   Clinical Research Methods Center, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
,
F. Mauny
4   University Hospital of Besançon, Research Unit UMR6249, Chrono-Environment, Besançon, France
,
L. Mourot
5   Culture Sport Health Society and Exercise Performance, Health, University of Franche-Comté,Innovation Platform, Besançon, France
,
N. Coulmy
6   French Ski Federation, 50 rue des Marquisats, Annecy, France
,
G. P. Millet
7   Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education (ISSUL), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History



accepted after revision 11 March 2015

Publication Date:
07 August 2015 (online)

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Abstract

This study investigated changes in heart rate variability (HRV) in elite Nordic-skiers to characterize different types of “fatigue” in 27 men and 30 women surveyed from 2004 to 2008. R-R intervals were recorded at rest during 8 min supine (SU) followed by 7 min standing (ST). HRV parameters analysed were powers of low (LF), high (HF) frequencies, (LF+HF) (ms2) and heart rate (HR, bpm). In the 1 063 HRV tests performed, 172 corresponded to a “fatigue” state and the first were considered for analysis. 4 types of “fatigue” (F) were identified: 1. F(HF−LF−)SU_ST for 42 tests: decrease in LFSU (− 46%), HFSU (− 70%), LFST (− 43%), HFST (− 53%) and increase in HRSU (+ 15%), HRST (+ 14%). 2. F(LF+ SULF− ST) for 8 tests: increase in LFSU (+ 190%) decrease in LFST (− 84%) and increase in HRST (+ 21%). 3. F(HF− SUHF+ ST) for 6 tests: decrease in HFSU (− 72%) and increase in HFST (+ 501%). 4. F(HF+ SU) for only 1 test with an increase in HFSU (+ 2161%) and decrease in HRSU (− 15%). Supine and standing HRV patterns were independently modified by “fatigue”. 4 “fatigue”-shifted HRV patterns were statistically sorted according to differently paired changes in the 2 postures. This characterization might be useful for further understanding autonomic rearrangements in different “fatigue” conditions.

Key words

fatigue - heart rate variability - athletes
 

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