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Laryngorhinootologie 2015; 94(05): 331-345
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1548900
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© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Moderne Diagnostik und Therapie der Rhinitis allergica

Modern Diagnosis and Therapy of the rhinitis allergica
B. Hauswald
1   Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Uniklinikum Dresden
,
Y. M. Yarin
1   Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Uniklinikum Dresden
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Publication History

Publication Date:
07 May 2015 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Allergische Erkrankungen nehmen weltweit zu. Die höchste Steigerungsrate verzeichnet die Rhinitis allergica. Die Diagnose stützt sich neben der Anamnese vor allem auf Hauttests, Labortests und – falls notwendig – auf Provokationstests. Als therapeutische Maßnahmen stehen die symptomatische und die kausale Therapie in Form von Karenz und spezifischer Immuntherapie zur Verfügung. Die spezifische Immuntherapie sollte als Mittel der Wahl angestrebt werden. Die spezifische Immuntherapie besteht aus subkutaner und sublingualer Immuntherapie. Therapeutika sind meistens native Allergene und Allergoide. Rekombinante Allergene befinden sich in der Entwicklung. Die modernen Therapieschemata dieser Präparate bestehen aus ganzjähriger oder prä- und co-saisonaler Behandlung mit mindestens 3- bis 4-jähriger Dauer. Bei polyvalenter Allergie können verschiedene Präparatformen und Therapieschemata miteinander kombiniert werden. Die Zukunft der Behandlung der Rhinitis allergica liegt in der weiteren Entwicklung der spezifischen Immuntherapie.

Abstract

The prevalence of allergic diseases is increasing worldwide. The highest increase rate is observed in rhinitis allergica. Apart from the anamnesis, the diagnosis relies mainly on skin tests, laboratory analyses and if necessary provocation tests. Symptomatic and causal therapy with abstention and specific immunotherapy are available as therapeutic means. Specific immunotherapy should be aspired as the method of choice. It is comprised of subcutane and sublingular immunity therapy. Usually native allergens and allergoids are used as therapeutics. Recombinant allergens are currently under development. Modern therapy procedures involving these drugs consist of year-round or pre- and co-seasonal treatment which spans at least 3–4 years. In cases of polyvalent allergy, different types of drugs and therapy procedures can be combined. The future of rhinitis allergica treatment lies in further development of specific immunotherapy.

Schlüsselwörter

allergische Rhinokonjunktivitis - Allergiediagnostik - spezifische Immuntherapie - subkutane Immuntherapie - sublinguale Immuntherapie - Allergietherapeutika

Key words

allergic rhinoconjunctivitis - allergy diagnostic - specific immunotherapy - subcutaneous immunotherapy - sublingual immunotherapy - allergic therapeutics
 

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