Download PDF
Int J Sports Med 2015; 36(13): 1052-1057
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549957
Training & Testing
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Hemodynamic Responses and Perceived Exertion During Continuous and Discontinuous Resistance Exercise

R. Massaferri
1   Salgado de Oliveira University, PGCAF, Niterói, Brazil
,
L. Matos-Santos
2   Rio de Janeiro State University, IEFD, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
,
P. Farinatti
3   School of Physical Education, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
,
W. D. Monteiro
2   Rio de Janeiro State University, IEFD, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History



accepted after revision 15 April 2015

Publication Date:
07 August 2015 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

This study compared acute responses of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), cardiac output (Q), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), total peripheral resistance (TPR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) during resistance exercise performed continuously and discontinuously. Hemodynamic responses and RPE were assessed in the last of 4 sets of 12 repetitions of the knee extension with load corresponding to 70% of 12 repetition maximum, performed continuously (C) or discontinuously, with pauses of 5 s (D5) or 10 s (D10) interspersed in the middle of sets. The increase in SBP was higher for D10 (34.0±8.4%) and D5 (34.1±13.2%) vs. C (19.8±10.3%; P<0.001), while no difference was detected for DBP. Q (P=0.03) and SV (P=0.02) were higher, but HR was lower (P=0.04) in discontinuous vs. continuous. TPR remained stable during continuous, but significant decreases occurred during the pauses in the discontinuous protocols (P<0.001). The BP was higher in discontinuous than in continuous protocols, but the RPE was attenuated in discontinuous compared to continuous exercise. In conclusion, hemodynamic responses were exacerbated during resistance exercise performed discontinuously, but the perceived exertion was lowered.

Key words

muscle strength - strength training - photoplethysmography - blood pressure - borg scale
 

  • References

  • 1 Baum K, Ruther T, Essfeld D. Reduction of blood pressure response during strength training through intermittent muscle relaxations. Int J Sports Med 2003; 24: 441-445
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 2 Borg GAV. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1982; 14: 377-381
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 3 Chen MJ, Fan X, Moe ST. Criterion-related validity of the Borg ratings of perceived exertion scale in healthy individuals: a meta-analysis. J Sports Sci 2002; 20: 873-899
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 4 Coelho CW, Hamar D, De Araújo CGS. Physiological responses using 2 high-speed resistance training protocols. J Strength Cond Res 2003; 17: 334-337
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 5 da Silva RP, da Silva Novaes J, de Oliveira RJ, de Jesus Camilo F, Marques MFB. Respostas cardiovasculares agudas de três protocolos de exercício resistido em idosas. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum 2010; 12: 112-119
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 6 De Hert S. Physiology of hemodynamic homeostasis. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2012; 26: 409-419
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 7 Gotshall R, Gootman J, Byrnes W, Fleck S, Valovich T. Noninvasive characterization of the blood pressure response to the double-leg press exercise. J Exerc Physiol Online 1999; 2: 1-6
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 8 Harriss DJ, Atkinson G. Ethical standards in sport and exercise science research: 2014 update. Int J Sports Med 2013; 34: 1025-1028
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 9 Idema RN, van den Meiracker AH, Imholz B, Settels J, Ritsema VEH, Schalekamp M. Comparison of Finapres non-invasive beat-to-beat finger blood pressure with intrabrachial artery pressure during and after bicycle ergometry. J Hypertens Suppl 1989; 7: S58-S59
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 10 Imholz B. Automated blood pressure measurement during ergometric stress testing: possibilities of Finapres. Z Kardiol 1995; 85: 76-80
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 11 Kallio J, Søgaard K, Avela J, Komi PV, Selänne H, Linnamo V. Motor unit firing behaviour of soleus muscle in isometric and dynamic contractions. PloS One 2013; 8: e53425
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 12 MacDougall J, Tuxen D, Sale D, Moroz J, Sutton J. Arterial blood pressure response to heavy resistance exercise. J Appl Physiol 1985; 58: 785-790
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 13 Moritani T, Muramatsu S, Muro M. Activity of Motor Units during Concentric and Eccentric Contractions. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1987; 66: 338-350
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 14 Nissen P, Van Lieshout JJ, Novovic S, Bundgaard-Nielsen M, Secher NH. Techniques of cardiac output measurement during liver transplantation: arterial pulse wave versus thermodilution. Liver Transpl 2009; 15: 287-291
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 15 Polito M, Simão R, Lira V, Nóbrega A, Farinatti P. Série fracionada da extensão de joelho proporciona maiores respostas cardiovasculares que séries contínuas. Arq Bras Cardiol 2008; 90: 382-387
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 16 Polito MD, Farinatti PT, Lira VA, Nobrega AC. Blood pressure assessment during resistance exercise: comparison between auscultation and Finapres. Blood Press Monit 2007; 12: 81-86
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 17 Qi L, Wakeling JM, Ferguson-Pell M. Spectral properties of electromyographic and mechanomyographic signals during dynamic concentric and eccentric contractions of the human biceps brachii muscle. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2011; 21: 1056-1063
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 18 Raven PB, Fadel PJ, Smith SA. The influence of central command on baroreflex resetting during exercise. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2002; 30: 39-44
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 19 Robinson BF, Epstein SE, Beiser GD, Braunwald E. Control of Heart Rate by the Autonomic Nervous System Studies in Man on the Interrelation between Baroreceptor Mechanisms and Exercise. Circ Res 1966; 19: 400-411
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 20 Scherr J, Wolfarth B, Christle JW, Pressler A, Wagenpfeil S, Halle M. Associations between Borg’s rating of perceived exertion and physiological measures of exercise intensity. Eur J Appl Physiol 2013; 113: 147-155
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 21 Shephard RJ. PAR-Q, Canadian Home Fitness Test and exercise screening alternatives. Sports Med 1988; 5: 185-195
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 22 Shi X, Crandall CG, Potts JT, Williamson J, Foresman BH, Raven PB. A diminished aortic-cardiac reflex during hypotension in aerobically fit young men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993; 25: 1024-1030
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 23 Sugawara J, Tanabe T, Miyachi M, Yamamoto K, Takahashi K, Iemitsu M, Otsuki T, Homma S, Maeda S, Ajisaka R. Non invasive assessment of cardiac output during exercise in healthy young humans: comparison between Modelflow method and Doppler echocardiography method. Acta Physiol Scand 2003; 179: 361-366
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 24 Takahashi M, Sakaguchi A, Matsukawa K, Komine H, Kawaguchi K, Onari K. Cardiovascular control during voluntary static exercise in humans with tetraplegia. J Appl Physiol 2004; 97: 2077-2082
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 25 Wesseling K, Jansen J, Settels J, Schreuder J. Computation of aortic flow from pressure in humans using a nonlinear, three-element model. J Appl Physiol 1993; 74: 2566-2573
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 26 Williamson J, Fadel P, Mitchell J. New insights into central cardiovascular control during exercise in humans: a central command update. Exp Physiol 2006; 91: 51-58
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 27 Williamson J. The relevance of central command for the neural cardiovascular control of exercise. Exp Physiol 2010; 95: 1043-1048
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar