Invited Commentary: High Risk Cardiac Surgery in Intravenous Drug-Addicted Patients: Are There Any Limits for Repetitive Surgical Treatment?

• References

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• 3 DiMaio JM, Salerno TA, Bernstein R, Araujo K, Ricci M, Sade RM. Ethical obligation of surgeons to noncompliant patients: can a surgeon refuse to operate on an intravenous drug-abusing patient with recurrent aortic valve prosthesis infection?. Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 88 (1) 1-8
• 4 Hull SC, Jadbabaie F. When is enough enough? The dilemma of valve replacement in a recidivist intravenous drug user. Ann Thorac Surg 2014; 97 (5) 1486-1487
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