Magnetresonanztomografie bei Patienten mit Multipler Sklerose: Relevanz in der Diagnose und Verlaufsbeurteilung

C. Lukas; M. Sailer

doi:10.1055/s-0035-1552720

Klinische Neurophysiologie, Table of Contents

Klinische Neurophysiologie 2015; 46(03): 111-122
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1552720

Fort- und Weiterbildung

Magnetresonanztomografie bei Patienten mit Multipler Sklerose: Relevanz in der Diagnose und Verlaufsbeurteilung

Relevance of Magnet Resonance Tomography in the Diagnosis and Assessment of Course of Disease in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Authors

C. Lukas^*

¹Institut für Diagnostische u. Interventionelle Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, St. Josef-Hospital – Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum
M. Sailer^*

²MEDIAN-Klinik NRZ Magdeburg & Klinikum Flechtingen, Restaurative Neurologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg

Abstract

Zusammenfassung

Multiple Sklerose (MS) ist eine entzündliche Erkrankung des zentralen Nervensystems, die einen axonal-destruktiven Anteil aufweist, der maßgeblich die Behinderung im Laufe der Erkrankung bestimmt. In den letzten 3 Dekaden etablierte sich die Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) zum wichtigsten Verfahren in der Diagnosestellung der MS. Die hohe Sensitivität der konventionellen MRT erlaubt die In-vivo-Detektion von fokalen und diffusen entzündlichen Komponenten dieser Erkrankung. Der Nachweis und die Quantifizierung von fokalen Pathologien der in der klinischen Routine eingesetzten MRT trägt entscheidend zur frühen Diagnose der MS bei. Der Nachweis einer Läsionslast im MRT zu Beginn der Erkrankung erhöht die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer frühen Konversion zur klinisch definitiven MS und einer höheren Behinderung in den ersten Jahren der Erkrankung. Dieser diagnostische und prognostische Informationsgewinn zu einem frühen Zeitpunkt der Erkrankung führte 2001 zu einer grundlegenden Revision der diagnostischen Kriterien. Das Konzept der Diagnosestellung beinhaltet klinische und kernspintomografische Kriterien. Diese zuletzt 2010 revidierten diagnostischen Kriterien weisen das Hauptmerkmal auf, dass eine subklinische kernspintomografische Aktivität der Erkrankung einen Schub ersetzt. Darüber hinaus kann die Diagnose MS bereits nach dem ersten Schub und einem MRT gestellt werden, vorausgesetzt es lassen sich kernspintomografische Aktivitätszeichen nachweisen. Die frühe Diagnosestellung unter Berücksichtigung der MRT eröffnet die Möglichkeit einer frühzeitigen Behandlung innerhalb eines offenbar günstigeren therapeutischen Fensters.

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with a substantial destructive axonal component that is responsible for the permanent disability accumulating during the course of the disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the most important method in the diagnosis of MS. The high sensitivity of the MRI permits to detect focal and diffuse inflammatory disease involvement in vivo. In clinical routine the detection and quantification of focal pathology contributes substantially to an early diagnosis of MS. The detection of a substantial lesion load at the beginning of the disease increases the probability of an early conversion to clinically definite MS and the risk of accumulating disability in the first years of the disease. In 2001 this diagnostic and prognostic gain of information at an early stage of the disease resulted in a conceptual shift regarding diagnostic criteria. This concept comprises clinical and MRI criteria. The current 2010 revised criteria follow the concept of substituting a clinical relapse by subclinical MRI activity and allow the diagnosis of MS from one single MRI after the first relapse. This diagnostic approach using MRI allows an early treatment within an appropriate window of treatment opportunity.

Full Text

References

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