Prinzipien der mediterranen Ernährung: Definition, Hintergrund, Eigenschaften und klinische Bedeutung

Zusammenfassung

Während des letzten Jahrhunderts wurde in wissenschaftlichen Studien vermehrt die mediterrane Ernährung hinsichtlich ihres günstigen Gesundheitseffekts auf verschiedene chronische Krankheiten wie koronare Herzkrankheit und Krebs untersucht. Wiederholt konnten große epidemiologische Studien zeigen, dass ein guter Gesundheitszustand mit einer großen Adhärenz zur mediterranen Ernährung korreliert. Mediterrane Kost hat einen wichtigen Anteil am gesunden Lebensstil und dient der Prävention. Es verdichten sich die Hinweise, dass diese positiven Effekte nicht nur auf einzelnen Aspekten der Diät beruhen, sondern durch das Zusammenspiel der einzelnen Komponenten hervorgerufen werden. Obwohl die Bezeichnung wie auch die Interpretation der mediterranen Küche unter den einzelnen Ländern, Regionen und Kulturen variieren, gibt es viele gemeinsame Merkmale, die für die mediterrane Ernährung charakteristisch sind. Diese gemeinsamen Merkmale definieren die mediterrane Ernährung und dienen auch als Grundlage für wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen. Sofern Empfehlungen zur mediterranen Ernährung ausgesprochen werden, sollte betont werden, dass der größte gesundheitliche Nutzen nur bei einem gesunden aktiven Lebensstil, der die Hauptmerkmale der mediterranen Ernährung beinhaltet, erreicht wird.

Abstract

Healthcare research over the last century has begun to give a greater amount of attention to the Mediterranean dietary pattern and its potential to bring about positive health effects for a variety of chronic diseases, including Coronary Heart Disease and Cancer. Repeatedly large epidemiological studies have shown better overall health outcomes correlate with an increased adherence to this healthy dietary pattern. A Mediterranean dietary pattern is also given importance in the area of preventive lifestyle choices. Increasing evidence conclusively demonstrates that these effects are not derived from certain aspects of the diet, but instead from only the sum of these components. Although the terminology and also the interpretation of the Mediterranean dietary pattern may vary between countries and cultures many common key components can be identified within these various interpretations. These components thus serve to characterize both the dietary pattern itself and to provide a viable scientific basis for it’s positive effects. Thus, when recommending a Mediterranean dietary pattern within the healthcare setting, it is important to realize that the greatest health benefits are derived only when the adaptation of a healthy lifestyle preserves those key elements.

Schlüsselwörter

mediterrane Ernährung - Ernährung - Lebensstil - Gesamtmortalität - klinische Ernährung

Keywords

mediterranean dietary pattern - nutrition - lifestyle - mortality - clinical nutrition

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