Einfluss von Patientinnen- und Krankenhausmerkmalen auf die Durchführung einer direkten Rekonstruktion nach Mastektomie

Zusammenfassung

Ziel: Internationale Studien zeigen, dass die Durchführung einer direkten Rekonstruktion (DR) nach Mastektomie mit Patientinnen- (z. B. sozioökonomischer Status, Versicherungsstatus, Alter) und Krankenhausmerkmalen (Fallzahl, Lehrstatus) assoziiert ist. Diese Arbeit untersucht, ob sich derartige Zusammenhänge auch für Deutschland zeigen lassen.

Material und Methode: Ergebnisse einer bundesweiten Patientinnenbefragung in zertifizierten Brustkrebszentren werden mit klinischen Merkmalen der Patientinnen und Merkmalen der Krankenhäuser verknüpft. Prädiktoren des Erhalts einer DR (vs. spätere/keine Rekonstruktion) werden mittels logistischer Mehrebenenmodelle für eine Stichprobe von 1165 Patientinnen aus 105 zertifizierten Standorten geschätzt.

Ergebnisse: Es zeigen sich erhebliche Unterschiede zwischen den behandelnden Krankenhäusern (Intraklassenkorrelationskoeffizient Nullmodell: 0,195), die teilweise durch das Gesamtmodell erklärt werden können (Gesamtmodell: 0,169). Patientinnen mit folgenden Merkmalen erhalten wahrscheinlicher eine DR: geringeres Alter, private Krankenversicherung, Realschulabschluss (vs. Haupt-/Volksschulabschluss), niedrigeres Stadium und Erhalt von mehr Informationen über Rekonstruktion. ASA und Kohabitationsstatus sind nicht statistisch signifikant mit DR assoziiert. DR wird mit steigender Primärfallzahl pro Krankenhaus wahrscheinlicher durchgeführt. Lehrstatus, Operationen pro Operateur und Urbanität des Standorts hängen nicht mit dem Erhalt einer DR zusammen.

Schlussfolgerung: Nichtklinische Merkmale der Patientinnen und die Primärfallzahl sind mit der Durchführung einer DR assoziiert, was Fragen nach den Ursachen und der Versorgungsgerechtigkeit aufwirft.

Abstract

Aim: International studies have shown that the performance of a direct (or immediate) reconstruction (DR) after mastectomy is associated with patient (e. g., socio-economic status, insurance status, age) and hospital (number of cases, teaching status) characteristics. The present article addresses the question if such relationships also exist in Germany.

Material and Methods: The results of a nationwide questionnaire to the patients of certified breast cancer centres were coupled with the clinical features of the patients and the characteristics of the hospital. Predictors for receiving a DR (vs. delayed or no reconstruction) were estimated by means of a logistic multilevel model for a sample of 1165 patients from 105 certified locations.

Results: Substantial differences between the treating hospitals were found (intraclass correlation coefficient null model: 0.195) which can in part be explained by the total model (total model: 0.169). Patients with the following features are more likely to receive a DR: younger age, private health insurance, secondary school leaving certificate (vs. primary school leaving certificate), lower stage and acquisition of more information about reconstruction. ASA and partnership status are not statistically significantly related with DR. DR is more likely to be performed in hospitals with higher caseload of patients with primary breast cancer. Teaching status, operations per surgeon and urbanity of the location are not related to receiving a DR.

Conclusions: Non-clinical features of the patients and the primary case number are associated with the performance of a DR, this poses questions concerning reasons and the equality of health care.

Schlüsselwörter

direkte Rekonstruktion - zertifizierte Brustkrebszentren - Mehrebenenanalyse - Mindestmengen

Key words

immediate reconstruction - certified breast cancer centres - multilevel analysis - minimum numbers

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