J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2015; 76(06): 480-488
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1554904
Original Article
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches to the Craniovertebral Junction: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Tatsuhiro Fujii
1   Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
,
Andrew Platt
1   Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
,
Gabriel Zada
1   Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
› Institutsangaben
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

03. Januar 2015

11. März 2015

Publikationsdatum:
19. Juni 2015 (online)

Abstract

Background We reviewed the current literature pertaining to extended endoscopic endonasal approaches to the craniovertebral junction.

Methods A systematic literature review was utilized to identify published surgical cases of endoscopic endonasal approaches to the craniovertebral junction. Full-text manuscripts were examined for various measures of surgical indications, patient characteristics, operative technique, and surgical outcomes.

Results We identified 71 cases involving endoscopic endonasal approaches for surgical management of a variety of pathologies located within the craniovertebral junction. Patient ages ranged from 3 to 87 years, with 40 females and 31 males. Five patients required tracheostomy, two were reintubated, and all others experienced an average intubation duration of 0.54 days following surgery. Fifty-eight patients (81.7%) underwent an additional posterior decompression or fusion either before or after the endonasal procedure. A complete resection of the pathologic lesion was reported in 57 cases (83.8%), another five were successful biopsies, and four resulted in partial resection. The follow-up time ranged from 0.5 to 57 months.

Conclusion Although the transoral approach has been the standard for anterior surgical management for the past several decades, our systematic review illustrates that the extended endoscopic endonasal approach is a safe and effective alternative for most pathologies affecting the craniovertebral junction.

 
  • References

  • 1 Yu Y, Wang X, Zhang X , et al. Endoscopic transnasal odontoidectomy to treat basilar invagination with congenital osseous malformations. Eur Spine J 2013; 22 (5) 1127-1136
  • 2 Menezes AH, VanGilder JC. Transoral-transpharyngeal approach to the anterior craniocervical junction. Ten-year experience with 72 patients. J Neurosurg 1988; 69 (6) 895-903
  • 3 Lee A, Sommer D, Reddy K, Murty N, Gunnarsson T. Endoscopic transnasal approach to the craniocervical junction. Skull Base 2010; 20 (3) 199-205
  • 4 Ponce-Gómez JA, Ortega-Porcayo LA, Soriano-Barón HE , et al. Evolution from microscopic transoral to endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy. Neurosurg Focus 2014; 37 (4) E15
  • 5 Yu Y, Hu F, Zhang X, Ge J, Sun C. Endoscopic transnasal odontoidectomy combined with posterior reduction to treat basilar invagination: technical note. J Neurosurg Spine 2013; 19 (5) 637-643
  • 6 Hankinson TC, Grunstein E, Gardner P, Spinks TJ, Anderson RC. Transnasal odontoid resection followed by posterior decompression and occipitocervical fusion in children with Chiari malformation Type I and ventral brainstem compression. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2010; 5 (6) 549-553
  • 7 Patel AJ, Boatey J, Muns J , et al. Endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy in a child with chronic type 3 atlantoaxial rotatory fixation: case report and literature review. Childs Nerv Syst 2012; 28 (11) 1971-1975
  • 8 Arbit E, Patterson Jr RH. Combined transoral and median labiomandibular glossotomy approach to the upper cervical spine. Neurosurgery 1981; 8 (6) 672-674
  • 9 Delgado TE, Garrido E, Harwick RD. Labiomandibular, transoral approach to chordomas in the clivus and upper cervical spine. Neurosurgery 1981; 8 (6) 675-679
  • 10 Kanamori Y, Miyamoto K, Hosoe H, Fujitsuka H, Tatematsu N, Shimizu K. Transoral approach using the mandibular osteotomy for atlantoaxial vertical subluxation in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis associated with mandibular micrognathia. J Spinal Disord Tech 2003; 16 (2) 221-224
  • 11 McGirt MJ, Attenello FJ, Sciubba DM, Gokaslan ZL, Wolinsky JP. Endoscopic transcervical odontoidectomy for pediatric basilar invagination and cranial settling. Report of 4 cases. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2008; 1 (4) 337-342
  • 12 Sciubba DM, Garonzik IM, Suk I , et al. Frameless stereotaxy in a transmandibular, circumglossal, retropharyngeal cervical decompression in a Klippel-Feil patient: technical note. Eur Spine J 2006; 15 (8) 1286-1291
  • 13 Wolinsky JP, Sciubba DM, Suk I, Gokaslan ZL. Endoscopic image-guided odontoidectomy for decompression of basilar invagination via a standard anterior cervical approach. Technical note. J Neurosurg Spine 2007; 6 (2) 184-191
  • 14 Deopujari CE, Karmarkar VS, Shah NJ. Endoscopic approaches to the craniovertebral junction and odontoid process. World Neurosurg 2014; 82 (6, Suppl): S49-S53
  • 15 Alfieri A, Jho HD, Tschabitscher M. Endoscopic endonasal approach to the ventral cranio-cervical junction: anatomical study. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2002; 144 (3) 219-225 ; discussion 225
  • 16 Baird CJ, Conway JE, Sciubba DM, Prevedello DM, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Kassam AB. Radiographic and anatomic basis of endoscopic anterior craniocervical decompression: a comparison of endonasal, transoral, and transcervical approaches. Neurosurgery 2009; 65 (6, Suppl): 158-163 ; discussion 63–64
  • 17 Cavallo LM, Cappabianca P, Messina A , et al. The extended endoscopic endonasal approach to the clivus and cranio-vertebral junction: anatomical study. Childs Nerv Syst 2007; 23 (6) 665-671
  • 18 Messina A, Bruno MC, Decq P , et al. Pure endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy: anatomical study. Neurosurg Rev 2007; 30 (3) 189-194 ; discussion 194
  • 19 Tanriverdi O, Tugcu B, Gunaldi O , et al. The selective odontoidectomy: endoscopic endonasal approach to the craniocervical junction. J Craniofac Surg 2014; 25 (4) 1482-1487
  • 20 Cavallo LM, Messina A, Cappabianca P , et al. Endoscopic endonasal surgery of the midline skull base: anatomical study and clinical considerations. Neurosurg Focus 2005; 19 (1) E2
  • 21 Visocchi M, La Rocca G, Della Pepa GM , et al. Anterior video-assisted approach to the craniovertebral junction: transnasal or transoral? A cadaver study. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2014; 156 (2) 285-292
  • 22 Kassam AB, Snyderman C, Gardner P, Carrau R, Spiro R. The expanded endonasal approach: a fully endoscopic transnasal approach and resection of the odontoid process: technical case report. Neurosurgery 2005; 57 (1, Suppl): E213 ; discussion E213
  • 23 Cornelius JF, Kania R, Bostelmann R, Herman P, George B. Transnasal endoscopic odontoidectomy after occipito-cervical fusion during the same operative setting—technical note. Neurosurg Rev 2011; 34 (1) 115-121
  • 24 Grammatica A, Bonali M, Ruscitti F , et al. Transnasal endoscopic removal of malformation of the odontoid process in a patient with type I Arnold-Chiari malformation: a case report. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2011; 31 (4) 248-252
  • 25 Scholtes F, Signorelli F, McLaughlin N, Lavigne F, Bojanowski MW. Endoscopic endonasal resection of the odontoid process as a standalone decompressive procedure for basilar invagination in Chiari type I malformation. Minim Invasive Neurosurg 2011; 54 (4) 179-182
  • 26 Gempt J, Lehmberg J, Grams AE, Berends L, Meyer B, Stoffel M. Endoscopic transnasal resection of the odontoid: case series and clinical course. Eur Spine J 2011; 20 (4) 661-666
  • 27 Hickman ZL, McDowell MM, Barton SM, Sussman ES, Grunstein E, Anderson RC. Transnasal endoscopic approach to the pediatric craniovertebral junction and rostral cervical spine: case series and literature review. Neurosurg Focus 2013; 35 (2) E14
  • 28 Mazzatenta D, Zoli M, Mascari C, Pasquini E, Frank G. Endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy: clinical series. Spine 2014; 39 (10) 846-853
  • 29 Rawal RB, Shah RN, Zanation AM. Endonasal odontoidectomy for basilar impression and brainstem compression due to radiation fibrosis. Laryngoscope 2013; 123 (3) 584-587
  • 30 Beech TJ, McDermott AL, Kay AD, Ahmed SK. Endoscopic endonasal resection of the odontoid peg—case report and literature review. Childs Nerv Syst 2012; 28 (10) 1795-1799
  • 31 Choudhri O, Mindea SA, Feroze A, Soudry E, Chang SD, Nayak JV. Experience with intraoperative navigation and imaging during endoscopic transnasal spinal approaches to the foramen magnum and odontoid. Neurosurg Focus 2014; 36 (3) E4
  • 32 Duntze J, Eap C, Kleiber JC , et al. Advantages and limitations of endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy. A series of nine cases. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2014; 100 (7) 775-778
  • 33 Goldschlager T, Härtl R, Greenfield JP, Anand VK, Schwartz TH. The endoscopic endonasal approach to the odontoid and its impact on early extubation and feeding. J Neurosurg 2015; 122 (3) 511-518
  • 34 Visocchi M, Della Pepa GM, Doglietto F, Esposito G, La Rocca G, Massimi L. Video-assisted microsurgical transoral approach to the craniovertebral junction: personal experience in childhood. Childs Nerv Syst 2011; 27 (5) 825-831
  • 35 Frempong-Boadu AK, Faunce WA, Fessler RG. Endoscopically assisted transoral-transpharyngeal approach to the craniovertebral junction. Neurosurgery 2002; 51 (5, Suppl): S60-S66
  • 36 Yadav YR, Madhariya SN, Parihar VS , et al. Endoscopic transoral excision of odontoid process in irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation: our experience of 34 patients. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2013; 74 (3) 162-167
  • 37 Qiuhang Z, Feng K, Bo Y , et al. Transoral endoscopic odontoidectomy to decompress the cervicomedullary junction. Spine 2013; 38 (14) E901-E906
  • 38 Leng LZ, Anand VK, Hartl R, Schwartz TH. Endonasal endoscopic resection of an os odontoideum to decompress the cervicomedullary junction: a minimal access surgical technique. Spine 2009; 34 (4) E139-E143
  • 39 de Almeida JR, Zanation AM, Snyderman CH , et al. Defining the nasopalatine line: the limit for endonasal surgery of the spine. Laryngoscope 2009; 119 (2) 239-244
  • 40 Aldana PR, Naseri I, La Corte E. The naso-axial line: a new method of accurately predicting the inferior limit of the endoscopic endonasal approach to the craniovertebral junction. Neurosurgery 2012; 71 (2, Suppl Operative): ons308-ons314 ; discussion ons314
  • 41 Cantarella G, Mazzola RF, Benincasa A. A possible sequela of transoral approach to the upper cervical spine. Velopharyngeal incompetence. J Neurosurg Sci 1998; 42 (1) 51-55
  • 42 Crockard HA. Transoral surgery: some lessons learned. Br J Neurosurg 1995; 9 (3) 283-293
  • 43 Komotar RJ, Starke RM, Raper D , et al. Endonasal endoscopic versus transoral microscopic odontoid resection. Innovative Neurosurg 2013; 1: 37-47
  • 44 Magrini S, Pasquini E, Mazzatenta D, Mascari C, Galassi E, Frank G. Endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy in a patient affected by Down syndrome: technical case report. Neurosurgery 2008; 63 (2) E373-E374 ; discussion E374
  • 45 Hansen MA, da Cruz MJ, Owler BK. Endoscopic transnasal decompression for management of basilar invagination in osteogenesis imperfecta. J Neurosurg Spine 2008; 9 (4) 354-357
  • 46 Tan SH, Ganesan D, Prepageran N, Waran V. A minimally invasive endoscopic transnasal approach to the craniovertebral junction in the paediatric population. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 271 (11) 3101-3105
  • 47 Laufer I, Greenfield JP, Anand VK, Härtl R, Schwartz TH. Endonasal endoscopic resection of the odontoid process in a nonachondroplastic dwarf with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: feasibility of the approach and utility of the intraoperative Iso-C three-dimensional navigation. Case report. J Neurosurg Spine 2008; 8 (4) 376-380
  • 48 Choi D, Gleeson M. Surgery for chordomas of the craniocervical junction: lessons learned. Skull Base 2010; 20 (1) 41-45
  • 49 Wu JC, Huang WC, Cheng H , et al. Endoscopic transnasal transclival odontoidectomy: a new approach to decompression: technical case report. Neurosurgery 2008; 63 (1) (Suppl. 01) ONSE92-4 ; discussion E94
  • 50 Iacoangeli M, Gladi M, Alvaro L, Di Rienzo A, Specchia N, Scerrati M. Endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy with anterior C1 arch preservation in elderly patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis. Spine J 2013; 13 (5) 542-548
  • 51 Dickman CA, Crawford NR, Brantley AG, Sonntag VK. Biomechanical effects of transoral odontoidectomy. Neurosurgery 1995; 36 (6) 1146-1152 ; discussion 1152–1153
  • 52 Naderi S, Crawford NR, Melton MS, Sonntag VK, Dickman CA. Biomechanical analysis of cranial settling after transoral odontoidectomy. Neurosurg Focus 1999; 6 (6) e7
  • 53 Gladi M, Iacoangeli M, Specchia N , et al. Endoscopic transnasal odontoid resection to decompress the bulbo-medullary junction: a reliable anterior minimally invasive technique without posterior fusion. Eur Spine J 2012; 21 (Suppl. 01) S55-S60
  • 54 Iacoangeli M, Di Rienzo A, Re M , et al. Endoscopic endonasal approach for the treatment of a large clival giant cell tumor complicated by an intraoperative internal carotid artery rupture. Cancer Manag Res 2013; 5: 21-24