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Gesundheitswesen 2017; 79(12): e134-e144
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1555951
Übersichtsarbeit
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Arbeitsbedingter Stress und der Allostatic Load Index – eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit

Work-related Stress and the Allostatic Load Index – A Systematic Review
D. Mauss
1   Mannheimer Institut für Public Health, Sozial- und Präventivmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim
2   Betriebsärztlicher Dienst der Allianz SE, München
,
J. Li
3   Institut für Arbeits- und Sozialmedizin, Zentrum für Gesundheit und Gesellschaft, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf
,
B. Schmidt
1   Mannheimer Institut für Public Health, Sozial- und Präventivmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim
,
P. Angerer
3   Institut für Arbeits- und Sozialmedizin, Zentrum für Gesundheit und Gesellschaft, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf
,
M. N. Jarczok
1   Mannheimer Institut für Public Health, Sozial- und Präventivmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Publication Date:
24 September 2015 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Ziel: Arbeitsbedingter Stress ist eine zunehmende gesellschaftliche Herausforderung und wird in ursächlichen Zusammenhang mit reduzierter Gesundheit, weniger Wohlbefinden und niedrigerer Produktivität von Mitarbeitern gebracht. Der Allostatic Load Index (ALI) ist ein Messkatalog für akkumulierte physiologische Stressfolgen. Die vorliegende Übersichtarbeit beschreibt das bisherige Wissen über den Zusammenhang von arbeitsbedingten Stress und ALI bei erwachsenen Beschäftigten.

Methodik: Eine systematische Literaturrecherche auf Basis des PRISMA Statements wurde in 21 Datenbanken inklusive Medline, PubPsych, MedPilot und Cochrane Register durchgeführt. Es wurden ausschließlich Originalarbeiten berücksichtigt, die arbeitsbedingten Stress und medizinische Parameter mithilfe des ALI untersuchten. Angaben zur Studienpopulation, analytische Methoden und Ergebnisse wurden erfasst. Die methodologische Qualität wurde durch eine standardisierte Checkliste geprüft.

Ergebnisse: Es wurden 9 Artikel zu Querschnittstudien im Zeitraum 2003–2013 identifiziert, die Daten von insgesamt 3 532 Mitarbeitern aus 5 Ländern beinhalteten. Sieben Studien berichteten einen positiven und signifikanten Zusammenhang von arbeitsbedingtem Stress und ALI, während 2 Studien keinen oder einen nicht signifikanten Zusammenhang fanden. Es wurde substantielle Heterogenität bezüglich der angewendeten Methoden sowie der Studienqualität festgestellt.

Schlussfolgerung: Diese Übersichtarbeit zeigt einen positiven Zusammenhang von Arbeitsstress und ALI in Querschnittstudien. Weitere Untersuchungen in der arbeitenden Bevölkerung sollten diesen Zusammenhang im Längsschnitt nachweisen.

Abstract

Objectives: Work-related stress is a growing social challenge and has been associated with reduced employee health, well-being, and productivity. One tool to measure the stress-related wear and tear of the body is the Allostatic Load Index (ALI). This review summarizes recent evidence on the association between work-related stress and ALI in working adults.

Methods: A systematic literature search following the PRISMA-Statement was conducted in 21 databases including Medline, PubPsych, MedPilot, and Cochrane Register. Publications addressing work related-stress and medical parameters using ALI were considered. Data on study population, analytic techniques, and results were tabulated. Methodological quality was evaluated using a standardized checklist.

Results: 9 articles were identified with a total of 3 532 employees from 5 countries reporting cross-sectional data from the years 2003–2013. Overall, 7 studies reported a positive and significant association between work-related stress and ALI, while 2 studies showed no or an insignificant association. Substantial heterogeneity was observed in methods applied and study quality.

Conclusions: This systematic review provides evidence that work-related stress is associated with ALI in cross-sectional studies. This association needs to be demonstrated by future studies using longitudinal data on working populations.

Schlüsselwörter

Anforderungs-Kontroll-Modell - Arbeitsstress - Gratifikationskrisen-Modell - Mitarbeitergesundheit - Psychosoziale Belastung

Key words

JDC - work stress - ERI - workforce health - psychosocial load
 

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