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Synthesis 2016; 48(23): 4260-4268
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1562611
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1562611
paper
Transition-Metal-Free Terminal Alkyne Addition to Isatins
Further Information
Publication History
Received: 20 May 2016
Accepted after revision: 11 July 2016
Publication Date:
24 August 2016 (online)
Abstract
A ‘direct’ alkynylation of isatins, which uses potassium tert-butoxide to provide the desired 3-hydroxy-3-ethynyl-2-oxindoles in good to high yields, is reported. This protocol proceeds smoothly for both electron-rich and electron-deficient alkynes in comparable reaction rates and does not require any specially design ligand or expensive transition-metal catalysts.
Key words
alkynes - 3-hydroxy-3-ethynylindolin-2-ones - HIV - isatins - nucleophiles - addition - transition-metal-freeSupporting Information
- Supporting information for this article is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1562611.
- Supporting Information
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For alkyne addition to carbonyls, see:
For alkyne addition to ketones, see:
For catalytic alkyne addition to ketones, see:
Reference for alkyne addition to aldehydes, see:
A stoichiometric amount of 18-crown-6 was added to the alkynylation reaction of isatin 1a with phenylacetylene (2a) under the standard reaction conditions. The reaction afforded 3aa in 60% yield, a 20% inhibition of product formation compared to the reaction in the absence of 18-crown-6 (Table 1, entry 7). Only partial inhibition of the product yield was observed; possibly toluene is not the best solvent for efficient 1:1 complex formation; see: