Maxillofacial Fractures: Midface and Internal Orbit—Part I: Classification and Assessment

Abstract

Fractures of the midface and internal orbit occur isolated or in combination with other injuries. Frequently, the patients are first seen in emergency rooms responsible for the coordination of initial diagnostic procedures, followed by the transfer to specialties for further treatment. It is, therefore, important for all physicians treating facial trauma patients to understand the basic principles of injuries to the midface. Thus, this article aims to describe the anatomy and the current classification systems in use, the related clinical symptoms, and the essential diagnostic measures to obtain precise information about the injury pattern.

Keywords

midface fractures - internal orbital fractures - naso-orbito-ethmoidal fractures - anatomy - Le Fort classification

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