Endovascular Management of Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas

Abstract

Spinal vascular malformations, although rare, cause devastating disease. These malformations are commonly categorized as follows: spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs), spinal hemangiomas, cavernous angiomas, and aneurysms. Spinal DAVFs (SDAVFs), or type 1 spinal AVMs, occur most frequently, representing ∼ 60 to 80% of vascular malformations of the spinal cord. While previously microsurgical treatment was considered the gold standard in the treatment of SDAVFs, recent advancements in technology—advancements of magnetic resonance imaging as a screening examination, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography, multidetector computed tomography as preangiographic evaluations, digital subtraction angiography, diagnostic catheters, and embolization materials—have made endovascular treatment a possible option. We review the treatment of SDAVFs, primarily discussing the endovascular management of these lesions.

Keywords

spinal dural arteriovenous fistula - endovascular - liquid embolization - management

• References

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