Abstract
Background Donor-site morbidity significantly influences patient satisfaction and quality of
life following reconstructive surgery. The relevant donor-site morbidities associated
with more commonly utilized thigh-based flaps are reviewed.
Methods A systematic search of the MEDLINE and Cochrane databases from 1994 to 2014 was conducted
to identify all reports of “anterolateral thigh (ALT),” “vastus lateralis (VL),” “anteromedial
thigh (AMT),” “transverse upper gracilis (TUG),” tensor fascia latae (TFL),” “gracilis,”
and “rectus femoris (RF),” flaps. Only studies that investigated donor-site outcomes
related to pain, paresthesia, wound dehiscence, infection, hematoma, seroma, contour
deformity, and/or objective functional performance were included. Case series or anecdotal
reports with less than five flaps, non-English, and animal studies were excluded.
Results A total of 116 articles representing 4,554 flaps were reviewed, including 2,922 ALT/VL,
148 AMT, 436 TUG, 278 TFL, 527 gracilis, and 243 RF flaps. The most frequently cited
donor-site complication was paresthesia (range: 0–36.4%), followed by wound dehiscence
(range: 0.9–8.3%), contour deformity (range: 0–5.2%), pain (range: 0–6.3%), and seroma
(range: 0.4–2.0%). Despite mixed results regarding functional performance, pooled-analysis
of dynamometric studies demonstrated a significant reduction in strength only after
RF flap harvest (21%).
Conclusions Donor-site morbidity for thigh-flaps is minimal and appears to be well-tolerated
by the majority of patients. Nevertheless, the appropriate flap selection is highly
individualized, and patients must be informed of potential complications and morbidities
specific to each flap. We have established the most current review of donor-site morbidity
for thigh-based flaps to aid the surgeon in this important discussion.
Keywords
free flap - donor site - flap morbidity
