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Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2016; 29(04): 353-362
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584086
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Prevention of Colorectal Neoplasia

Scott C. Dolejs
1   Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
,
Benjamin Gayed
1   Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
,
Alyssa Fajardo
1   Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
21 November 2016 (online)

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Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are well-established screening protocols involving fecal testing, radiographic, and endoscopic evaluations that have led to decreased incidence and mortality of CRC in the United States. In addition to screening for CRC, there is interest in preventing colorectal neoplasia by targeting the signaling pathways that have been identified in the pathway of dysplasia progressing to carcinoma. This review will detail the efficacy of multiple potential preventative strategies including lifestyle changes (physical activity, alcohol use, smoking cessation, and obesity); dietary factors (dietary patterns, calcium, vitamin D, fiber, folate, and antioxidants and micronutrients); and chemopreventive agents (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, statins, metformin, bisphosphonates, and postmenopausal hormonal therapy).

Keywords

chemoprevention - primary prevention - colorectal cancer - adenoma
 

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