Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1597685
Hyaluronic Acid Fillers in Soft Tissue Regeneration
Publication History
Publication Date:
22 February 2017 (online)
Abstract
Over the last years, hyaluronic acid (HA) injectable dermal fillers (DFs) have become the most popular agents for soft tissue contouring and volumizing. HA fillers are characterized by most of the properties that an ideal DF should have, due to HA unique chemical-physical properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and versatility. Therefore, HA DFs have revolutionized the filler market with a high number of products, which differ in terms of HA source, cross-linkage (agent and degree), HA concentration, hardness, cohesivity, consistency, inclusion or lack of anesthetic, indication, and longevity of correction. The article first provides a general introduction to DF world, and an overview of the different materials is available for fillers. Second, it describes the characteristics and the peculiarities of HA fillers, their differences from the other available materials, and therefore the reasons at the base of their success. Moreover, an update regarding the main Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved fillers is presented.
-
References
- 1 American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) 2015 Complete plastic surgery statistics report. http://www.plasticsurgery.org/news/plastic-surgery-statistics/2015-plastic-surgery-statistics.html . Accessed August 8, 2016
- 2 Bogdan Allemann I, Baumann L. Hyaluronic acid gel (Juvéderm) preparations in the treatment of facial wrinkles and folds. Clin Interv Aging 2008; 3 (4) 629-634
- 3 Funt D, Pavicic T. Dermal fillers in aesthetics: an overview of adverse events and treatment approaches. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2013; 6 (1) 295-316
- 4 Muhn C, Rosen N, Solish N , et al. The evolving role of hyaluronic acid fillers for facial volume restoration and contouring: a Canadian overview. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2012; 5: 147-158
- 5 Johl SS, Burgett RA. Dermal filler agents: a practical review. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2006; 17 (5) 471-479
- 6 Hotta T. Dermal fillers. The next generation. Plast Surg Nurs 2004; 24 (1) 14-19
- 7 Carruthers J, Rzany B, Sattler G, Carruthers A. Anatomic guidelines for augmentation of the cheek and infraorbital hollow. Dermatol Surg 2012; 38 (7 Pt 2): 1223-1233
- 8 Pierre S, Liew S, Bernardin A. Basics of dermal filler rheology. Dermatol Surg 2015; 41 (1) (Suppl. 01) S120-S126
- 9 Couarraze G, Grossiord JL. Initiation à la rheologie. 3rd ed. Paris, France: TEC & DOC; 2000: 300
- 10 Santoro S, Russo L, Argenzio V, Borzacchiello A. Rheological properties of cross-linked hyaluronic acid dermal fillers. J Appl Biomater Biomech 2011; 9 (2) 127-136
- 11 Sundaram H, Voigts B, Beer K, Meland M. Comparison of the rheological properties of viscosity and elasticity in two categories of soft tissue fillers: calcium hydroxylapatite and hyaluronic acid. Dermatol Surg 2010; 36 (3) (Suppl. 03) 1859-1865
- 12 Jones DH. Semipermanent and permanent injectable fillers. Dermatol Clin 2009; 27 (4) 433-444 , vi
- 13 Kulichova D, Borovaya A, Ruzicka T, Thomas P, Gauglitz GG. Understanding the safety and tolerability of facial filling therapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2014; 13 (9) 1215-1226
- 14 Sapijaszko MJA. Dermal fillers: ever-expanding options for esthetic use. Skin Therapy Lett 2007; 12 (8) 4-7
- 15 Food and Drug Administration. Soft Tissue Fillers (Dermal Fillers). http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/CosmeticDevices/WrinkleFillers/default.htm#Materials . Accessed August 8, 2016
- 16 Duffy DM. Liquid silicone for soft tissue augmentation. Dermatol Surg 2005; 31 (11 Pt 2): 1530-1541
- 17 Kontis TC. Contemporary review of injectable facial fillers. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2013; 15 (1) 58-64
- 18 Kontis TC, Rivkin A. The history of injectable facial fillers. Facial Plast Surg 2009; 25 (2) 67-72
- 19 Murray CA, Zloty D, Warshawski L. The evolution of soft tissue fillers in clinical practice. Dermatol Clin 2005; 23 (2) 343-363
- 20 Jacovella PF. Use of calcium hydroxylapatite (Radiesse) for facial augmentation. Clin Interv Aging 2008; 3 (1) 161-174
- 21 Baumann L. Replacing dermal constituents lost through aging with dermal fillers. Semin Cutan Med Surg 2004; 23 (3) 160-166
- 22 Laurent TC, Laurent UBG, Fraser JRE. Functions of hyaluronan. Ann Rheum Dis 1995; 54 (5) 429-432
- 23 Liao YH, Jones SA, Forbes B, Martin GP, Brown MB. Hyaluronan: pharmaceutical characterization and drug delivery. Drug Deliv 2005; 12 (6) 327-342
- 24 Mayol L, Quaglia F, Borzacchiello A, Ambrosio L, La Rotonda MI. A novel poloxamers/hyaluronic acid in situ forming hydrogel for drug delivery: rheological, mucoadhesive and in vitro release properties. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 70 (1) 199-206
- 25 Scott JE, Heatley F. Hyaluronan forms specific stable tertiary structures in aqueous solution: a 13C NMR study. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96 (9) 4850-4855
- 26 Scott JE, Secondary structures in hyaluronan solutions: chemical and biological implications. In: Evered D, Whelan J. , eds. Ciba Foundation Symposium 143—The Biology of Hyaluronian. Chichester, UK: Whiley; 1989: 6-20
- 27 Lapcík Jr L, Lapcík L, De Smedt S, Demeester J, Chabrecek P. Hyaluronan: preparation, structure, properties, and applications. Chem Rev 1998; 98 (8) 2663-2684
- 28 Ramamurthi A, Vesely I. Smooth muscle cell adhesion on crosslinked hyaluronan gels. J Biomed Mater Res 2002; 60 (1) 195-205
- 29 Tomihata K, Ikada Y. Preparation of cross-linked hyaluronic acid films of low water content. Biomaterials 1997; 18 (3) 189-195
- 30 Tezel A, Fredrickson GH. The science of hyaluronic acid dermal fillers. J Cosmet Laser Ther 2008; 10 (1) 35-42
- 31 Borrell M, Leslie DB, Tezel A. Lift capabilities of hyaluronic acid fillers. J Cosmet Laser Ther 2011; 13 (1) 21-27
- 32 Ho D, Jagdeo J. Biological properties of a new volumizing hyaluronic acid filler: a systematic review. J Drugs Dermatol 2015; 14 (1) 50-54
- 33 Cavallini M, Gazzola R, Metalla M, Vaienti L. The role of hyaluronidase in the treatment of complications from hyaluronic acid dermal fillers. Aesthet Surg J 2013; 33 (8) 1167-1174
- 34 Tajana G, Bianchi L, Iorio V, Lisi P. Efficacia e sicurezza dell'acido ialuronico in dermocosmesi: il “caso” Viscoderm®. Ann Ital Dermatol Allergol 2011; 65: 106-112
- 35 Price RD, Berry MG, Navsaria HA. Hyaluronic acid: the scientific and clinical evidence. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2007; 60 (10) 1110-1119
- 36 Andre P. New trends in face rejuvenation by hyaluronic acid injections. J Cosmet Dermatol 2008; 7 (4) 251-258
- 37 Gold MH. Use of hyaluronic acid fillers for the treatment of the aging face. Clin Interv Aging 2007; 2 (3) 369-376
- 38 Medical Insight, Inc.,; 2006 Global market for dermal fillers. 2005-2011
- 39 Ballin AC, Cazzaniga A, Brandt FS. Long-term efficacy, safety and durability of Juvéderm® XC. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2013; 6: 183-189
- 40 Carruthers J, Carruthers A, Tezel A, Kraemer J, Craik L. Volumizing with a 20-mg/mL smooth, highly cohesive, viscous hyaluronic acid filler and its role in facial rejuvenation therapy. Dermatol Surg 2010; 36 (3) (Suppl. 03) 1886-1892
- 41 Goodman GJ. An interesting reaction to a high- and low-molecular weight combination hyaluronic acid. Dermatol Surg 2015; 41 (1) (Suppl. 01) S164-S166
- 42 Brandt FS, Cazzaniga A. Hyaluronic acid gel fillers in the management of facial aging. Clin Interv Aging 2008; 3 (1) 153-159
- 43 Micheels P, Sarazin D, Besse S, Sundaram H, Flynn TC. A blanching technique for intradermal injection of the hyaluronic acid Belotero. Plast Reconstr Surg 2013; 132 (4) (Suppl. 02) 59S-68S
- 44 Tran C, Carraux P, Micheels P, Kaya G, Salomon D. In vivo bio-integration of three hyaluronic acid fillers in human skin: a histological study. Dermatology 2014; 228 (1) 47-54
- 45 Kablik J, Monheit GD, Yu L, Chang G, Gershkovich J. Comparative physical properties of hyaluronic acid dermal fillers. Dermatol Surg 2009; 35 (Suppl. 01) 302-312
- 46 Carruthers J, Carruthers A. A prospective, randomized, parallel group study analyzing the effect of BTX-A (Botox) and nonanimal sourced hyaluronic acid (NASHA, Restylane) in combination compared with NASHA (Restylane) alone in severe glabellar rhytides in adult female subjects: treatment of severe glabellar rhytides with a hyaluronic acid derivative compared with the derivative and BTX-A. Dermatol Surg 2003; 29 (8) 802-809
- 47 Môle B. Scratched faces: treatment of dynamic facial wrinkles through the simultaneous combined use of botulinium toxin A and hyaluronic acid [in French]. Ann Chir Plast Esthet 2012; 57 (3) 194-201
- 48 Kenner JR. Hyaluronic acid filler and botulinum neurotoxin delivered simultaneously in the same syringe for effective and convenient combination aesthetic rejuvenation therapy. J Drugs Dermatol 2010; 9 (9) 1135-1138
- 49 Kenner J. Combining fillers and neuromodulators in the same syringe. J Drugs Dermatol 2014; 13 (2) 110
- 50 Cohen JL, Mariwall K. Combining fillers and neuromodulators in the same syringe. J Drugs Dermatol 2013; 12 (9) 976
- 51 Citernesi UR, Beretta L, Citernesi L. Cross-linked hyaluronic acid, process for the preparation thereof and use thereof. Patent WO/2015/007773 A1; 2015
- 52 Pan M, Heinecke G, Bernardo S, Tsui C, Levitt J. Urea: a comprehensive review of the clinical literature. Dermatol Online J 2013; 19 (11) 20392
- 53 Charlton JF, Schwab IR, Stuchell R. Topical urea as a treatment for non-infectious keratopathy. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1996; 74 (4) 391-394
- 54 Fallacara A, Vertuani S, Disette V, Panozzo G, Manfredini S. Novel cross-linked hyaluronic acid: an in vitro re-epithelialization study. 2016 , manuscript submitted