Decision Making for Selection of Transarterial Locoregional Therapy of Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

Ron C. Gaba; Nasya Mendoza-Elias; Joseph D. Morrison; Ali Kord Valeshabad; Andrew J. Lipnik

doi:10.1055/s-0037-1602590

Seminars in Interventional Radiology, Table of Contents

Semin intervent Radiol 2017; 34(02): 101-108
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1602590

Review Article

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Decision Making for Selection of Transarterial Locoregional Therapy of Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

Authors

Ron C. Gaba

¹Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois

²Division of Interventional Radiology, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
Nasya Mendoza-Elias

³College of Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
Joseph D. Morrison

³College of Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
Ali Kord Valeshabad

¹Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
Andrew J. Lipnik

¹Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois

²Division of Interventional Radiology, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois

Abstract

Transarterial locoregional therapies (LRTs) are indispensable components of the modern interventional oncologic therapy of liver-dominant metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The scope of available LRTs and their nuanced differences mandates a thorough understanding of their relative applicability and effectiveness in certain clinical circumstances to prescribe appropriate, patient-specific, image-guided therapy. This article aims to provide an overview of transarterial LRT options for liver-dominant metastatic NETs and therapy selection by reviewing procedure types, their advantages and disadvantages, and comparative efficacy in common case scenarios.

Keywords

neuroendocrine tumor - metastatic - locoregional therapy - Interventional radiology

Full Text

References

References
1 Yao JC, Hassan M, Phan A. , et al. One hundred years after “carcinoid”: epidemiology of and prognostic factors for neuroendocrine tumors in 35,825 cases in the United States. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26 (18) 3063-3072
2 Modlin IM, Lye KD, Kidd M. A 5-decade analysis of 13,715 carcinoid tumors. Cancer 2003; 97 (04) 934-959
3 Chamberlain RS, Canes D, Brown KT. , et al. Hepatic neuroendocrine metastases: does intervention alter outcomes?. J Am Coll Surg 2000; 190 (04) 432-445
4 Touzios JG, Kiely JM, Pitt SC. , et al. Neuroendocrine hepatic metastases: does aggressive management improve survival?. Ann Surg 2005; 241 (05) 776-783 , discussion 783–785
5 Proye C. Natural history of liver metastasis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: place for chemoembolization. World J Surg 2001; 25 (06) 685-688
6 Coppa J, Pulvirenti A, Schiavo M. , et al. Resection versus transplantation for liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors. Transplant Proc 2001; 33 (1-2): 1537-1539
7 Delaunoit T, Van den Eynde M, Borbath I. , et al. Role of chemotherapy in gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: the end of a story?. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2009; 72 (01) 49-53
8 Raymond E, Dahan L, Raoul JL. , et al. Sunitinib malate for the treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. N Engl J Med 2011; 364 (06) 501-513
9 Yao JC, Shah MH, Ito T. , et al; RAD001 in Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors, Third Trial (RADIANT-3) Study Group. Everolimus for advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. N Engl J Med 2011; 364 (06) 514-523
10 Gaba RC, Lewandowski RJ, Hickey R. , et al; Society of Interventional Radiology Technology Assessment Committee. Transcatheter therapy for hepatic malignancy: standardization of terminology and reporting criteria. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016; 27 (04) 457-473
11 Brown DB, Nikolic B, Covey AM. , et al; Society of Interventional Radiology Standards of Practice Committee. Quality improvement guidelines for transhepatic arterial chemoembolization, embolization, and chemotherapeutic infusion for hepatic malignancy. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2012; 23 (03) 287-294
12 Habib A, Desai K, Hickey R, Thornburg B, Lewandowski R, Salem R. Transarterial approaches to primary and secondary hepatic malignancies. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2015; 12 (08) 481-489
13 NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines). Neuroendocrine Tumors, Version 2.2016; Available at : https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/neuroendocrine.pdf . Accessed November 13, 2016
14 Kennedy A, Bester L, Salem R, Sharma RA, Parks RW, Ruszniewski P. ; NET-Liver-Metastases Consensus Conference. Role of hepatic intra-arterial therapies in metastatic neuroendocrine tumours (NET): guidelines from the NET-Liver-Metastases Consensus Conference. HPB (Oxford) 2015; 17 (01) 29-37
15 Ho AS, Picus J, Darcy MD. , et al. Long-term outcome after chemoembolization and embolization of hepatic metastatic lesions from neuroendocrine tumors. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007; 188 (05) 1201-1207
16 Ruutiainen AT, Soulen MC, Tuite CM. , et al. Chemoembolization and bland embolization of neuroendocrine tumor metastases to the liver. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2007; 18 (07) 847-855
17 Oken MM, Creech RH, Tormey DC. , et al. Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Clin Oncol 1982; 5 (06) 649-655
18 Kim W, Clark TW, Baum RA, Soulen MC. Risk factors for liver abscess formation after hepatic chemoembolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2001; 12 (08) 965-968
19 Mezhir JJ, Fong Y, Fleischer D. , et al. Pyogenic abscess after hepatic artery embolization: a rare but potentially lethal complication. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2011; 22 (02) 177-182
20 Chen JX, Rose S, White SB. , et al. Embolotherapy for neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases: prognostic factors for hepatic progression-free survival and overall survival. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2017; 40 (01) 69-80
21 Yang TX, Chua TC, Morris DL. Radioembolization and chemoembolization for unresectable neuroendocrine liver metastases - a systematic review. Surg Oncol 2012; 21 (04) 299-308
22 Pitt SC, Knuth J, Keily JM. , et al. Hepatic neuroendocrine metastases: chemo- or bland embolization?. J Gastrointest Surg 2008; 12 (11) 1951-1960
23 Maire F, Lombard-Bohas C, O'Toole D. , et al. Hepatic arterial embolization versus chemoembolization in the treatment of liver metastases from well-differentiated midgut endocrine tumors: a prospective randomized study. Neuroendocrinology 2012; 96 (04) 294-300
24 Gupta S, Yao JC, Ahrar K. , et al. Hepatic artery embolization and chemoembolization for treatment of patients with metastatic carcinoid tumors: the M.D. Anderson experience. Cancer J 2003; 9 (04) 261-267
25 Gupta S, Johnson MM, Murthy R. , et al. Hepatic arterial embolization and chemoembolization for the treatment of patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors: variables affecting response rates and survival. Cancer 2005; 104 (08) 1590-1602
26 Eriksson BK, Larsson EG, Skogseid BM, Löfberg AM, Lörelius LE, Oberg KE. Liver embolizations of patients with malignant neuroendocrine gastrointestinal tumors. Cancer 1998; 83 (11) 2293-2301
27 Loewe C, Schindl M, Cejna M, Niederle B, Lammer J, Thurnher S. Permanent transarterial embolization of neuroendocrine metastases of the liver using cyanoacrylate and lipiodol: assessment of mid- and long-term results. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003; 180 (05) 1379-1384
28 Vogl TJ, Gruber T, Naguib NN, Hammerstingl R, Nour-Eldin NE. Liver metastases of neuroendocrine tumors: treatment with hepatic transarterial chemotherapy using two therapeutic protocols. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2009; 193 (04) 941-947
29 Ruszniewski P, Rougier P, Roche A. , et al. Hepatic arterial chemoembolization in patients with liver metastases of endocrine tumors. A prospective phase II study in 24 patients. Cancer 1993; 71 (08) 2624-2630
30 Perry LJ, Stuart K, Stokes KR, Clouse ME. Hepatic arterial chemoembolization for metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. Surgery 1994; 116 (06) 1111-1116 , discussion 1116–1117
31 Dong XD, Carr BI. Hepatic artery chemoembolization for the treatment of liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors: a long-term follow-up in 123 patients. Med Oncol 2011; 28 (Suppl. 01) S286-S290
32 Makary MS, Kapke J, Yildiz V, Pan X, Dowell JD. Conventional versus drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization for neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016; 27 (09) 1298-1304
33 de Baere T, Deschamps F, Teriitheau C. , et al. Transarterial chemoembolization of liver metastases from well differentiated gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumors with doxorubicin-eluting beads: preliminary results. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2008; 19 (06) 855-861
34 Gaur SK, Friese JL, Sadow CA. , et al. Hepatic arterial chemoembolization using drug-eluting beads in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumor metastatic to the liver. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2011; 34 (03) 566-572
35 Bhagat N, Reyes DK, Lin M. , et al. Phase II study of chemoembolization with drug-eluting beads in patients with hepatic neuroendocrine metastases: high incidence of biliary injury. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2013; 36 (02) 449-459
36 Guiu B, Deschamps F, Aho S. , et al. Liver/biliary injuries following chemoembolisation of endocrine tumours and hepatocellular carcinoma: lipiodol vs. drug-eluting beads. J Hepatol 2012; 56 (03) 609-617
37 King J, Quinn R, Glenn DM. , et al. Radioembolization with selective internal radiation microspheres for neuroendocrine liver metastases. Cancer 2008; 113 (05) 921-929
38 Rhee TK, Lewandowski RJ, Liu DM. , et al. 90Y Radioembolization for metastatic neuroendocrine liver tumors: preliminary results from a multi-institutional experience. Ann Surg 2008; 247 (06) 1029-1035
39 Kennedy AS, Dezarn WA, McNeillie P. , et al. Radioembolization for unresectable neuroendocrine hepatic metastases using resin 90Y-microspheres: early results in 148 patients. Am J Clin Oncol 2008; 31 (03) 271-279
40 Saxena A, Chua TC, Bester L, Kokandi A, Morris DL. Factors predicting response and survival after yttrium-90 radioembolization of unresectable neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases: a critical appraisal of 48 cases. Ann Surg 2010; 251 (05) 910-916
41 Memon K, Lewandowski RJ, Mulcahy MF. , et al. Radioembolization for neuroendocrine liver metastases: safety, imaging, and long-term outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012; 83 (03) 887-894