Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important causes of foodborne illnesses and inflammatory
complications, as well as congenital disorders. Promiscuous Toxoplasma is transmitted by contaminated food and animal produce, water, vegetations, fruits,
and sexually through semen. Toxoplasma infects nucleated cells with a unique tropism for muscles and central nervous system
and a mind bugging malicious effect. Pregnant women with acute or reactivated toxoplasmosis
can transmit Toxoplasma via transplacental transmission to the fetus. The severity of congenital toxoplasmosis
depends on the gestation period, as infection in early pregnancy causes more severe
consequences. Congenital toxoplasmosis complications include miscarriage, encephalitis,
neurological retardation, mental illnesses, auditory, and visual inflammatory disorders,
cardiovascular abnormalities, and pains. Current therapies are inefficient for congenital
and chronic toxoplasmosis or have severe side effects with life-threatening complications.
There is an urgent need for effective and safe therapeutic modalities to treat complications
of toxoplasmosis and effective vaccines to eliminate the infectious agent. This investigation
will discuss the pathogenesis of fetomaternal, congenital, and pediatric toxoplasmosis,
the currently available therapies in practice, and explore those therapeutic modalities
in experimental stages for promising future trials.
Keywords
toxoplasma - fetomaternal - congenital - pediatric toxoplasmosis - mind alteration
- sexual transmission
