Controversy in the Determination of Death: Cultural Perspectives

Abstract

The definitions of death have changed throughout recorded history to include not just cardiac death but death by neurological criteria as well. Given the many cultures present in the world, it comes as no surprise that declaring death takes many forms. In the Western world, brain death has gained common acceptance (though not universal), while other cultures and religions have struggled with this issue, especially as it surrounds the controversy of donated organs. There is legal precedent to support death by neurological criteria, as well as support for hospital systems and physicians to terminate somatic support of the brain-dead patient; however, these laws differ greatly from country to country. When dealing with a controversial topic, differing laws, and grief-laden families, it becomes especially crucial that health care staffs are educated regarding varying cultural beliefs surrounding death. In the majority of cases, with kindness and compassion, common ground between science and social perspectives can be found, leading to resolution of care for this group of patients.

Keywords

brain death - Japan - somatic support - culture

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